植物抗虫生理研究进展  

The Insect-resistance Physiology of Plants:A Review

作　　者：杨金睿 肖关丽[1] Yang Jinrui;Xiao Guanli(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第6期130-136,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“马铃薯块茎蛾肠道细菌多样性及食性适应机理研究”(31760519);国家重点研发计划“南方山地玉米多熟复种生态调控减施技术创新研究”(2018YFD0200703)。

摘　　要：害虫是严重影响农作物产量和品质的重要因素。深入研究植物与害虫间的相互作用,可为从业者探索农业生产中适用的抗虫措施提供理论参考。在对相关文献分析总结的基础上,从植物对害虫为害所采取的防御机制以及昆虫为适应植物防御反应采取的特定措施两个方面进行分析,综述了植物抗虫生理的研究现状:(1)植物可通过体内营养物质含量的变化降低对害虫的吸引力,营养物质也可参与防御反应来提高植物抗虫性。(2)植物次生代谢物具有抗虫作用,可对害虫的行为、取食、消化等造成影响达到抵御虫害的目的。(3)植物防御酶参与抗虫反应的发生,并维持植物体内正常生长代谢平衡来提高植物抗虫能力。(4)植物激素信号途径有助于植物防御基因的表达、防御反应的发生以及抗虫物质的产生,从而增强寄主植物的抗虫性。(5)昆虫可利用自身分泌物以及携带的病菌等来适应植物细胞壁和抑制植物防御反应表达。此外,昆虫自身的解毒系统也能降低植物生成的抗虫物质对其造成的不利影响。最后,对当前存在的问题和未来的研究方向进行了展望。Pests are an important factor that seriously affects the yield and quality of crops.An in-depth study on the interaction between plants and pests can provide theoretical reference for practitioners to explore the suitable measures for insect resistance in agricultural production.Based on reviewing relevant research literature,this article analyzes the defense mechanism of plants against pests and the specific measures taken by insects to adapt to plant defense responses,and reviews the research status of plant resistance physiology against insects.(1)Plants can reduce their attractiveness to pests by changing their nutrient content,and nutrients can also participate in the defense response to improve plant’s resistance against insects.(2)Plant secondary metabolites have insect-resistance role,which affect the behavior,feeding and digestion of pests,and achieve the resistance against pests.(3)Plant defense enzymes are involved in the occurrence of insect resistance reactions and maintain the normal growth and metabolism balance in the plant to improve plant resistance to insects.(4)Plant hormone signal pathways contribute to the expression of plant defense genes,the occurrence of defense responses,and the production of insect-resistance substances,thereby enhancing the resistance of host plants against insect.(5)Insects can use their own secretions and carry pathogens to adapt to plant cell walls and inhibit the expression of plant defense responses.In addition,the insect's own detoxification system can also reduce the adverse effects of insect-resistance substances produced by plants.At last,the existing problems and future research directions are also discussed in this paper.

关 键 词：植物 抗虫性 虫害胁迫 诱导防御 昆虫 

分 类 号：S433.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]