C/C-ZrC-Cu复合材料的微观结构与抗烧蚀性能  

Microstructure and anti-ablation performance of C/C-ZrC-Cu composites

作　　者：薛朋飞 张光喜 崔红[1,2] 孙建涛 苏红[1,2] 解惠贞 阮强[1,2] XUE Pengfei;ZHANG Guangxi;CUI Hong;SUN Jiantao;SU Hong;XIE Huizhen;RUAN Qiang(Xi'an Aerospace Composites Research Institute,Xi'an 710025,China;National and Local Union Engineering Research Center of High-performance Carbon Fiber Manufacture and Application,Xi'an 710089,China)

机构地区：[1]西安航天复合材料研究所,西安710025 [2]高性能碳纤维制造及应用国家地方联合工程研究中心,西安710089

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2021年第1期96-105,共10页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

基　　金：装备预研联合基金。

摘　　要：采用低温反应熔渗工艺,以Zr 2Cu合金为熔渗金属,在密度为(1.25±0.05)g/cm^(3)的毡基C/C复合材料中引入ZrC+Cu组分,以提高其抗氧化烧蚀性能。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),分析C/C-ZrC-Cu复合材料的相组成与微观结构,在氧-乙炔环境下考核材料的抗烧蚀性能。结果表明,C/C-ZrC-Cu复合材料形成了三维网络状(热解碳+ZrC+Cu)混合基体结构,热解碳可以有效防护高温金属熔体对碳纤维造成的损伤,ZrC和Cu的引入有效改善了抗烧蚀性能,氧乙炔烧蚀120 s后,线烧蚀率从毡基C/C复合材料的9.0×10^(-3)mm/s降低为-1.0×10^(-3)mm/s,主要归因于材料表面形成了相对完整的ZrO 2保护层和Cu的发汗冷却作用,对应的氧化烧蚀机制主要为ZrC、C等氧化引起的热氧化烧蚀和Cu熔化、挥发等引起的热物理烧蚀。In order to improve the anti-ablation performance,ZrC and Cu were introduced into the integral felt C/C composites with a density of(1.25±0.05)g/cm^(3)by reaction melt infiltration method using Zr 2Cu alloy.The phase composition and microstructure of the as-fabricated C/C-ZrC-Cu composites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscope(OM)and scanning electron microscope(SEM),and the ablation properties were tested using oxyacetylene torch.The results showed that a three-dimensional network structure of the mixed matrix composed of pyrolytic carbon,ZrC and Cu,was observed in the as-prepared C/C-ZrC-Cu composites.The designed pyrolytic carbon matrix could protect the fibers from erosion of liquid metal in high temperature.The introduction of ZrC and Cu into integral felt C/C composites was effective to improve their ablation resistance.After ablation for 120 s,the linear ablation rate decreased from 9.0×10^(-3)mm/s of integral felt C/C composites to-1.0×10^(-3)mm/s,owing to the formation of relatively complete ZrO 2 protecting layer and the transpiration cooling of Cu.The main ablation mechanisms of C/C-ZrC-Cu composite were synergistic effects of thermo-oxidation ablation(such as the oxidizing reaction of ZrC and C)and the thermo-physics ablation(e.g.the melting and volatilization of Cu).

关 键 词：C/C复合材料 Zr 2Cu 反应熔渗 抗烧蚀性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]