湘潭市5起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情调查分析  

Investigation and analysis on 5 cluster outbreaks of COVID-19 in Xiangtan City

作　　者：吕倩 粟晓玲[1] 文中兰[1] 吴威 王继杰[1] LYU Qian;SU Xiao-ling;WEN Zhong-lan;WU Wei;WANG Ji-jie(Xiangtan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xiangtan,Hunan 411100,China)

机构地区：[1]湘潭市疾病预防控制中心,湖南湘潭411100

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2021年第2期139-142,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：湘潭市科技计划项目(SHYB20201040)。

摘　　要：目的对湘潭市5起新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)聚集性疫情开展流行病学调查,分析病例的感染来源,并探讨其传播模式,提出针对性预防控制建议。方法应用现场流行病学方法调查病例及其密切接触者,描述流行特征,采集患者鼻咽拭子,利用反转录聚合酶链式反应技术进行病毒核酸检测。结果截至2020年3月5日,湘潭市累计报告42例新冠肺炎病例(其中6例为无症状感染者),重症及危重症病例8例。涉及5起新冠肺炎聚集性疫情,共发病19人(包括无症状感染者),占总病例数45.24%;其中4起因武汉返湘潭(简称潭)人员引起,1起因本地病例引起;男性8例、女性11例,年龄为1岁3月~84岁;临床表现出现咳嗽症状比例最高(占70.59%),病例从发病到就诊隔离间隔时间在0~10 d之间,中位数为2d,发病时已住院隔离观察的病例占比最高为42.11%(8/19),从就诊隔离到确诊的间隔时间在0~7 d之间,中位数为2 d。结论新型冠状病毒具有极强的传染性和隐匿性,人员密集、聚餐/会、家庭内传播是聚集性疫情的高危因素,应做好重点场所、重点人群新冠肺炎疫情防控工作,减少聚集性疫情的发生。Objective To conduct an epidemiological investigation on 5 clustering outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) in Xiangtan City, to analyze the source of infection in patients, to explore its transmission mode and put forward suggestions for its prevention and control. Methods Field epidemiological methods were used to survey the cases and their close contacts, and the epidemic characteristics were described. The patients’ nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was used to detect viral nucleic acid. Results As of March 5, 2020, a total of 42 COVID-19 cases( including 6 asymptomatic infection patients) and 8 severe and critically ill cases were accumulatively reported in Xiangtan City. There were 5 cluster outbreaks of COVID-19 involved,with a total of 19 cases( including asymptomatic infection patients),accounting for 45. 24% of the total cases. 4 of the 5 cluster outbreaks were caused by people returning to Xiangtan from Wuhan,and one cluster outbreak was caused by local cases. There were 8 male cases and 11 female cases,and their ages were between 15 months and 84 years. As for clinical manifestations,the proportion of cough was the highest( accounting for70.59%). The interval from the onset to isolation and treatment was between 0 and 10 days,with a median of 2 days. The proportion of patients who had been isolated before the onset of the disease was the highest,accounting for 42.11%( 8/19). The time from isolation to diagnosis was between 0 and 7 days,with the median being 2 days. Conclusions Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2( SARS-Co V-2) has strong infectivity and concealment. Personnel density,dinner party/gathering and family transmission are high risk factors for the cluster epidemic. COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control work should be done in key places and key population so as to reduce the occurrence of the cluster epidemic.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 聚集性疫情 流行病学 

分 类 号：R563.14[医药卫生—呼吸系统]