新型冠状病毒感染者核酸和抗体检测结果分析  

Results of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid and antibody detection in patients with COVID-19

作　　者：杨青廷 刘敏[1] 杨纲[1] 刘建军[1] 朱攀[1] 申鸽 梁琦 龙思旋 杨雪艳 周丹 戴苗 吴锦如[1] YANG Qing-ting;LIU Min;YANG Gang;LIU Jian-jun;ZHU Pan;SHEN Ge;LIANG Qi;LONG Si-xuan;YANG Xue-yan;ZHOU Dan;DAI Miao;WU Jin-ru(Loudi Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Loudi,Hunan 417000,China)

机构地区：[1]娄底市疾病预防控制中心,湖南娄底417000

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2021年第2期143-146,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解新型冠状病毒(novel coronavirus 2019,2019-nCoV)感染者不同时期、不同类型标本中病毒核酸和抗体的检测情况,为完善新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)诊疗和防控方案提供科学依据。方法 2020年2月26-27日采集娄底市71例新冠肺炎确诊病例和25例无症状感染者的粪便、血液和咽拭子,应用RT-PCR方法开展2019-nCoV核酸检测,采用胶体金方法开展2019-nCoV抗体检测,分析检测结果。结果共采集96份粪便,95份咽拭子,83份血液标本,粪便2019-nCoV核酸检出率不同年龄组差异有统计学意义;无症状感染者阳性率(47.06%)高于确诊病例(12.70%),<40岁患者的阳性率(37.5%)高于≥40岁患者的阳性率(8.33%);咽拭子的阳性率无症状感染者(12.5%)和确诊病例(11.3%)差异无统计学意义;血液标本2019-nCoV抗体检出率为94.0%。结论出院患者咽拭子、粪便标本均不同程度检出2019-nCoV核酸,无症状感染者粪便标本核酸检出率高于确诊病例,提示应重点关注无症状感染者在疫情传播中的作用,需加强对无症状感染者、出院患者的持续追踪和管理,综合多个指标进一步评估传染性。Objective To investigate the situation of detecting the novel coronavirus 2019(2019-nCoV) in different stages of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) and various specimens so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the protocol regarding COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Methods Anal, blood and pharyngeal swab specimens of 71 COVID-19 confirmed cases and 25 asymptomatic patients infected with 2019-nCoV in Loudi City were collected from February 26 to 27 in 2020. Real-time fluorescence reverse transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction was used to detect 2019-nCoV nucleic acid, and the detection results were analyzed. Results We collected 96 faeces specimens, 95 pharyngeal swab specimens and 83 blood specimens. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in the anal swab specimens among different age groups. The detection rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid was higher in the asymptomatic infection patients than in the COVID-19 confirmed cases(47.06% vs. 12.70%) as well as higher in patients aged <40 years than in patients aged ≥40 years(37.5% vs. 8.33%). No statistically significant difference was found in the detection rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in the pharyngeal swab specimens between the asymptomatic infection patients and the COVID-19 confirmed cases(12.5% vs. 11.3%). The detection rate of antibodies to 2019-nCoV in the blood specimens was 94.0%. Conclusions 2019-nCoV nucleic acid could be detected in the faeces and pharyngeal swab specimens of discharged patients, and the detection rate of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in the faeces swab specimens was higher in the asymptomatic infection patients than in the COVID-2019 confirmed patients. The results suggest that special attention should be paid to the role of the asymptomatic infection patients in the spread of the epidemic. It is necessary to strengthen sustained follow-up and management of the asymptomatic infection patients and discharged patients, and perform further evaluation of the

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 粪便 咽拭子 血清 核酸 抗体 

分 类 号：R563.14[医药卫生—呼吸系统]