聊城市5起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis on 5 cluster outbreaks of COVID-19 in Liaocheng City

作　　者：刘婷婷[1] 周璞[1] 徐可心[1] 张金忠 刘莉[1] 韩德彪 崔璀[1] 张蕾[1] LIU Ting-ting;ZHOU Pu;XU Ke-xin;ZHANG Jin-zhong;LIU Li;HAN De-biao;CUI Cui;ZHANG Lei(Liaocheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Liaocheng,Shandong 252000,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城市疾病预防控制中心,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2021年第2期147-150,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)聚集性疫情的流行病学特征,为制定疫情防控策略和措施提供科学依据。方法于2020年1月24日-2月11日在聊城市应用现场流行病学方法调查5起新冠肺炎聚集性疫情所涉及的41例确诊病例及无症状感染者,对相关标本采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行核酸检测。结果 5起聚集性疫情的首发病例续发率为2.78%~50.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=21.57,P<0.01);家庭聚集性疫情涉及32例、10户家庭(族),公共场所聚集性疫情涉及16例、2个场所。一、二、三代病例分别有5、22、12例,传染率分别为100.00%、18.18%、0.00%。4例病例的潜伏期为5~10 d,中位数为7.5 d;聚集性疫情中存在潜伏期传播。有疫区旅行史或居住史者4例(9.76%),与潜伏期病例或确诊病例有密切接触、频繁交谈等有30例(73.17%),暴露于高浓度气溶胶4例(9.76%),未知感染来源3例(7.32%)。结论新冠病毒极易引起聚集性疫情,控制本地的聚集性疫情是防控工作的重点;新冠病毒可以通过高浓度气溶胶传播;病例在潜伏期具有感染性。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of cluster outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating epidemic prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Field epidemiological methods were used to survey 41 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients and asymptomatic infected persons involved in 5 cluster outbreaks of COVID-19 from January 24 to February 11 in 2020 in Liaocheng City, and real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain-reaction was applied to detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid in the related specimens. Results The secondary attack rate of the initial cases from 5 cluster outbreaks of COVID-19 was 2.78%-50.00%, showing a statistically significant difference(χ^(2)=21.57, P<0.01). 32 cases from 10 families(households) were involved in the family cluster epidemic, while 16 cases from 2 public places in the public place cluster epidemic. There were 5 initial cases, 22 secondary cases and 12 tertiary cases, with the infectious rates being 100%, 18.18% and 0%, respectively. The incubation period of 4 cases was 5-10 days, and the median was 7.5 days. Incubation period transmission was found in the cluster epidemic. 4(9.76%) cases had a history of travel to or residence in epidemic areas. 30(73.17%) cases had a history of intimate contact with and frequent conversations with cases in incubation period or confirmed patients. 4(9.76%) cases were exposed to high concentration aerosol, and the transmission route of 3(7.32%) cases was unknown. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 can easily cause the cluster epidemic;and hence, controlling the local cluster epidemic is the focus of prevention and control work. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by high concentration aerosol. The cases in the incubation period are infectious.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 聚集性疫情 流行病学 

分 类 号：R563.14[医药卫生—呼吸系统]