“巨大的历史感”:恩格斯对唯物辩证法根本特征的阐发  

“The Exceptional Historical Sense”——Engels’s Explanations on the Fundamental Feature of Materialist dialectics

作　　者：苏振源 SU Zhen-yuan(Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学哲学系,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《河北学刊》2021年第2期70-76,共7页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“马克思主义社会发展理论的当代重大问题研究”(19ZDA020)。

摘　　要：从1859年为马克思《政治经济学批判》作书评开始,恩格斯有意识地凝练和释明马克思在历史科学研究中所使用的辩证方法,并指出其根本特征在于拥有“巨大的历史感”。后来借助于批判杜林哲学的机会,恩格斯以梳理自然科学发展史的方式,补充和完善了唯物辩证法的基本论域及其赖以形成的思想史条件。恩格斯晚年又通过回顾马克思扬弃黑格尔和费尔巴哈的哲学遗产、创立科学世界观的思想历程,系统揭示并捍卫了唯物辩证法与唯物史观的内在统一性。唯物辩证法用既是辩证的也是历史的思维方式看待客观物质世界,而这种辩证的思维方式又是在人们不断改造自然、创造历史的实践中形成的。重温恩格斯的理论工作,既有助于突破把唯物辩证法当成先验教条的苏联教科书体系诠释框架,也有助于避免陷入晚近兴起的将唯物辩证法内化于资本逻辑的狭隘理解。Since 1859,Engels has gradually explained the dialectical method used by Marx in his critique of political economy,whose essential feature is“the exceptional historical sense”.Later,with the opportunity of criticizing Dühring’s philosophy,Engels supplemented the ideological history conditions for the formation of dialectical thinking by combing the transformation process of natural science.Finally,Engels revealed and defended the internal coherence of materialist dialectics and historical materialism.Materialist dialectics researches on historical objects,and its mode of thinking is also historically formed,which is rooted in the practice of human beings.Reviewing Engels’s theoretical work will not only help to break through the orthodox interpretation framework which regards materialist dialectics as transcendental dogmas,but also help to avoid internalizing materialist dialectics into“capital logic”as some new-generation theorists think.

关 键 词：恩格斯 辩证法 唯物主义 实践 

分 类 号：B024[哲学宗教—哲学理论]