钢铁粉尘与高氯飞灰协同脱除有害元素的试验  

Synergistic removal of harmful elements in iron and steel dust and high chlorine fly ash

作　　者：肖恒 甘敏[1] 陈许玲[1] 范晓慧[1] 汪国靖 张蓉畅 XIAO Heng;GAN Min;CHEN Xu-ling;FAN Xiao-hui;WANG Guo-jing;ZHANG Rong-chang(School of Resource Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《钢铁》2021年第1期104-112,共9页Iron and Steel

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上基金资助项目(51974371);湖南省重点研发计划资助项目(2018SK2049)。

摘　　要：针对钢铁厂难处理粉尘有害元素含量高而制约其资源化利用的问题,以转炉泥为研究对象,通过卧式管炉模拟高温处理工艺生产条件,研究了转炉泥单独焙烧时有害元素的脱除特征,焙烧过程可脱除部分K、Na、Zn、Pb,但因氯低导致氯化挥发的脱除率低、焙烧温度高。针对此问题,将高氯垃圾飞灰配入转炉泥进行协同处置,以强化有害元素的脱除。研究表明,当飞灰配入量为28%时,焙烧温度可以降至1 100℃,且K、Na、Pb、Zn、Cl的脱除比例分别从61.32%、46.65%、36.09%、10.99%、77.06%提高到97.93%、68.96%、87.91%、59.76%、93.79%,焙烧过程主要为固相反应,无明显液相生成。在转炉泥和飞灰的混合料中适当配入碳粉,提供一定的还原性气氛,还可进一步提高有害元素的脱除比例,当配碳量为6%时,Pb、Zn脱除率提高到94.10%、67.94%,继续提高至10%时,Pb、Zn脱除率达到95.84%、94.74%。通过协同处理,不仅能够实现钢铁粉尘中有害元素的高效分离和富集,而且还能获得具有利用价值的固态铁渣,并可为飞灰无害化提供新的途径。Aiming at the problem that the high content of harmful elements in refractory dust in iron and steel plants restricts its resource utilization,this paper takes converter mud as the research object,simulates the production conditions of high-temperature treatment process through horizontal tube furnace,and studies the removal characteristics of harmful elements when converter mud is roasted separately.The roasting process can remove some K,Na,Zn,and Pb,but due to low chlorine,the removal rate of chlorination volatilization is low and the roasting temperature is high.To solve this problem,high chlorine waste fly ash is mixed with converter mud for cooperative disposal to enhance the removal of harmful elements.Research shows that when the fly ash is mixed with 28%,the calcination temperature can be reduced to 1 100 ℃,and the removal ratios of K,Na,Pb,Zn,and Cl are respectively increased from61.32%,46.65%,36.09%,10.99% and 77.06% to 97.93%,68.96%,87.91%,59.76%,and 93.79%.Carbon powder is properly added into the mixture of converter mud and fly ash to provide a certain reducing atmosphere and further improve the removal ratio of harmful elements.When the carbon content is 6%,the removal ratio of Pb and Zn is increased to 94.80% and 67.94%,and when the carbon content is further increased to 10%,the removal ratio of Pb and Zn is 95.84% and 94.74%.Through the cooperative treatment,not only the efficient separation and enrichment of harmful elements in iron and steel dust can be realized,but also the iron slag with utilization value can be obtained,and a new way can be provided for harmless treatment of fly ash.

关 键 词：垃圾飞灰 钢铁粉尘 转炉泥 协同处置 无害化处理 

分 类 号：TF703[冶金工程—钢铁冶金]