直播方式与播种量组合对水稻群体发育及产量构成的影响  

Effects of Direct-seeding Methods and Seeding Rate Combinations on Population Development and Yield Components of Rice

作　　者：张建军[1] 刘红[1] 蒋小平[1] 李春元 黄庆林[1] 张效瑕 Zhang Jianjun;Liu Hong;Jiang Xiaoping;Li Chunyuan;Huang Qinglin;Zhang Xiaoxia(Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College,Hanzhong Shaanxi 723000;Shanxi Huasheng Seeds Co.,Ltd.,Hanzhong Shaanxi 723000;Seed Administrative Station of Hantai District in Shaanxi Province,Hanzhong Shaanxi 723001)

机构地区：[1]汉中职业技术学院,陕西汉中723000 [2]陕西华盛种业科技有限公司,陕西汉中723000 [3]陕西省汉台区种子管理站,陕西汉中723001

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第5期1-7,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：2019年度陕西省重点研发计划项目“早熟优质多抗直播水稻新品种选育及配套技术研究示范推广”(2019NY-041)。

摘　　要：为优化直播稻群体质量及其产量构成,研发直播稻提质增效配套技术、挖掘新品种生产潜力,本研究采用裂区设计,主区为湿润直播与旱直播2种直播方式,副区为5个播种量,研究直播方式与播量组合对水稻群体发育及产量构成的影响。结果表明,旱直播更能显著改善直播稻的出苗状况;‘华盛早香’和‘中早35’在播量为45~75 kg/hm^(2)范围内,提高播种量能显著提高直播稻单位面积有效穗数、极显著提高其高峰苗数,而湿润直播方式的分蘖能力和成穗率均优于相同播量的旱直播;在播种量为45~75 kg/hm^(2)范围,其实际产量随播种量增大而增大,但湿润直播方式更有利于直播稻增产,其增产的原因与湿润直播方式下单位面积有效穗数显著增加有关,穗实粒数和千粒重对其影响不大。To optimize population development and yield components of direct-seeding rice,explore potential productivity of new varieties and study high quality and high efficiency cultivation technology of rice directseeding,a field comparison experiment was conducted using the split plot design.The main plot was two directseeding methods,including wet direct-seeding and dry direct-seeding,the subplot was five seeding rates.The effects of direct-seeding methods and seeding rate combinations were studied on population development and yield components of rice.The results showed that dry direct-seeding could improve seedling emergence.For‘Huashengzaoxiang’and‘Zhongzao35’,the effective panicles at the seeding rate of 45~75 kg/hm^(2) were significantly improved and the peak seedlings were extremely improved with the increase of the seeding rate,but the tillering ability and spike rate in wet direct-seeding was better than that of dry direct-seeding under the same seeding rate.For‘Huashengzaoxiang’and‘Zhongzao35’,the actual yield at the seeding rate of 45~75 kg/hm^(2) increased with the increase of seeding rate under the 2 kinds of direct-seeding,but wet directseeding was more useful to increase the actual yield because the yield increase was mainly associated with the significant increase of the effective panicles under wet direct-seeding,and the effect of full grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight was not obvious.

关 键 词：直播方式 播种量 群体发育 产量构成 影响 

分 类 号：S352[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]