航天遥感器用机械泵驱动两相流体回路工作特性试验研究  

Test study of the operating performance of a mechanically pumped two-phase loop for a space remote sensor

作　　者：孟庆亮[1,2] 赵振明 张焕冬[1,2] 杨涛 赵宇 于峰[1,2] MENG QingLiang;ZHAO ZhenMing;ZHANG HuanDong;YANG Tao;ZHAO Yu;YU Feng(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Remote Sensing Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094 [2]先进光学遥感技术北京市重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《中国科学：技术科学》2020年第11期1474-1486,共13页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(批准号:51806010)资助项目。

摘　　要：为了提高航天遥感器的成像指标,光学探测器组件在工作期间需满足较低温度变化和较高温度稳定度的条件,传统的热控产品逐渐难以满足大功率探测器组件的精密控温要求.机械泵驱动两相流体回路(MPTL)具有控温精度高、传热距离远、传热功率大等优点,特别适合航天遥感器的高精度热控.为了深入研究核心探测器组件开机和关机时对MPTL系统工作特性的影响,本文搭建了航天遥感器用MPTL模拟实验装置,该装置使用具有被动冷却功能的两相控温型储液器作为系统的控温组件,并采用屏蔽式离心泵作为系统的驱动装置.本文通过温度、压力、流量等数据研究了储液器内部热力学变化特性、主回路与储液器之间的传热传质过程以及系统主回路的运行特性.本文重点关注了系统相态转变过程、热源开机和关机时系统的不稳定现象,并提出了减小系统不稳定性的措施.本文还研究了热源功率变化时系统主回路与储液器的工作特性.结果表明,被动冷却型储液器内气相和液相形成了一定的温差,通过温差保证了储液器冷量的供给;热源正常工作期间,蒸发器温度的稳定性和均匀性较好,为相机的稳定成像提供了良好的边界条件;热源开机和关机时,储液器内温度和压力、系统的流量和流阻会发生变化;预热器加载功率的变化会影响系统相变转变过程的稳定性;热源功率的变化会对储液器和主回路的工作状态产生影响.本文研究对航天相机用MPTL系统的设计和应用具有指导意义.To increase the imaging indexes of space remote sensors, temperature stability is required for the core optical detector assembly in the working stage. However, with traditional products, it is difficult to meet the requirements of precise temperature control for a highpower module. A mechanically pumped two-phase loop(MPTL) is highly advantageous as an essential thermal control product in space cameras. In this study, one MPTL setup was constructed to investigate the operating behaviors caused by the heat source of the core detector assembly for the load-on and load-off status. One two-phase thermal-controlled accumulator integrated with passive cooling was first employed as the temperature control component of the system, and the shield centrifugal pump was selected to be the driving force. The obtained test data, which included the temperature, pressure, and mass flow-rate, were used to analyze the thermodynamic behaviors in the accumulator. In addition, the heat and mass transfer processes between the main loop and the accumulator and the operating characteristic of the main loop were investigated. This research focuses on the instability phenomena that occur during the phase transition of the system and during the heat source load-on and load-off status;a method to decrease the system instability has been proposed. In addition, the operating behaviors of the main loop and the accumulator during the power change of the heat source have also been investigated. The results show that there was a temperature difference between the gas and liquid phases in the accumulator, and the cooling capacity of the accumulator was obtained as the temperature difference. The temperatures of the multi-evaporators showed excellent performance in the area of stability and uniformity, which provided good boundary conditions for the stabilization imaging of the space camera. The temperatures and pressure in the accumulator and the flow-rate and flow resistance of system will be affected by the starting up and powering off of the h

关 键 词：机械泵驱动两相流体回路(MPTL) 两相控温型储液器 航天器热控 热控产品 航天遥感器 

分 类 号：V443.5[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]