减磷加炭对北疆春小麦磷素利用及产量的影响  

Effect of Reducing Phosphate Fertilizer and Applying Biochar on Phosphorus Utilization and Yield of Spring Wheat in Northern Xinjiang

作　　者：贺佳琪 杨卫君[1] 贾永红[2] 李永昊 邢东建 惠超 高文翠 He Jiaqi;Yang Weijun;Jia Yonghong;Li Yonghao;Xing Dongjian;Hui Chao;Gao Wencui(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830000;Test Station of Wheat and Barley,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qitai Xinjiang 831800)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农业科学院奇台麦类试验站,新疆奇台831800

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2021年第3期13-19,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区天山青年计划项目“增温和施氮对绿洲农田碳循环的影响”(2017Q017)。

摘　　要：本试验探讨不同施肥模式对小麦磷素积累与转运及产量的影响,为合理减磷加炭、提高磷肥利用率提供理论参考。本试验磷肥(P2O5)设4个水平,生物炭设3个水平。比较不同施肥模式下小麦磷素积累分配、磷素利用率、产量与磷肥利用率等指标的差异。结果表明:在减量施磷15%(102 kg/hm^(2))配施生物炭22.5 t/hm^(2)(P3B2)处理下各指标综合效果最好,在该处理下春小麦干物质量最高,为4.07 g/株,较对照增加8.24%,该处理下植株磷含量增加,且主要分配在穗部,较对照增加6.21%;茎部磷素转移在磷肥配施低炭时增幅最高,磷肥配施高量生物炭时增幅最低;叶部磷素转移在磷肥与生物炭配施时对植株叶部磷素的影响大于单施磷肥。本试验条件下,施磷102 kg/hm^(2)同时施加生物炭22.5 t/hm^(2)对提高茎、叶对籽粒的贡献率有明显的促进作用,提升了磷素利用效率与磷素生理效率,并且达到最好的增产效果,为北疆灌区磷肥减施增效提供理论依据。This experiment aims to investigate different fertilization patterns’ influence on the accumulation and transport of phosphorus and yield of wheat, and provide references for scientific reduction of phosphorus and application of biochar, thus raise the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer. 4 levels of phosphate fertilizer(P2O5) and 3 levels of biochar were set to compare the difference of wheat phosphorus accumulation,utilization rate, and yield under different fertilization modes. The results showed that by reducing phosphorus15%(102 kg/hm^(2)) and applying biochar 22.5 t/hm^(2)(P3 B2), the comprehensive effect was the best, the dry matter quality of spring wheat was the highest, with an increase of 4.07 g/plant(8.24%) compared with that of the control. Under this treatment, the phosphorus content of the plant increased by 6.21% compared with that of the control, mainly distributed in the ear;phosphorus transfer in stem increased the most when phosphate fertilizer was applied with low biochar and the least when phosphate fertilizer was applied with high biochar.The effect of phosphate fertilizer combined with biochar on leaf phosphorus was greater than that of single phosphate fertilizer. Under the conditions of this experiment, applying 102 kg/hm^(2) with biochar 22.5 t/hm^(2) has a significant promoting effect on the contribution rate of stem and leaf to grain, and can improve the utilization efficiency and physiological efficiency of phosphorus and achieve the best yield increase.

关 键 词：灌区春小麦 生物炭添加 磷素利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]