含能材料合成中的氮链扩增方法  

Amplification Methods of Nitrogen Chains in the Synthesis of Energetic Materials

作　　者：朱勇[1] 丁可伟[1,2] 肖川 李陶琦 卜建华[1] 刘卫[1] 郭松松 葛忠学 ZHU Yong;DING Ke-wei;XIAO Chuan;LI Tao-qi;BU Jian-hua;LIU Wei;GUO Song-song;GE Zhong-xue(Xi′an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi′an 710065, China;State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi′an 710065, China;Academy of Chinese Weapon Science, Beijing 100089, China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [2]氟氮化工资源高效开发与利用国家重点实验室,陕西西安710065 [3]中国兵器科学研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2021年第1期21-29,共9页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21502148)。

摘　　要：综述了含能材料合成中的氮链扩增化学反应方法,总结了氮-卤键的叠氮化取代、叠氮离子的电催化氧化、伯胺重氮转移、二氮烯的二聚、N氨基化及硝化、氨基氧化偶联、氨基重氮偶联等共性反应,介绍了典型氮链扩增反应的机理。重点讨论了N_(5)^(+)、[N_(7)O]^(+)、N^(-)_(8)等离子型氮链,以及具有N_(3)/N_(4)/N_(5)/N_(6)/N_(7)/N_(8)/N_(10)/N_(11)链等全氮片段的有机化合物的结构演进过程,提出了N^(-)_(7)、N_(10)、N_(12)长氮链化合物的可能合成路线,最后提出了该领域后续发展的趋势和建议。附参考文献65篇。The developments of amplification methods of nitrogen chains in energetic material synthesis were reviewed.The common reactions such as substitution reactions of N—X bonds by azido groups,electro-catalytic oxidation reactions of azide ions,diazo transfer reactions of primary amines,dimerization reactions of diimine,N-amination and nitration reactions,oxidative coupling reactions of amine groups,and diazo-coupling reactions of amine groups were summarized.The mechanisms of typical amplification reactions of nitrogen chains were also introduced.The structural evolution processes of ionic nitrogen chains such as N^(+)_(5),[N_(7)O]+,N^(-)_(8),and organic compounds with all-nitrogen fragments such as N_(3)/N_(4)/N_(5)/N_(6)/N_(7)/N_(8)/N_(10)/N_(11) chains were emphatically discussed.The possible synthetic routes of N^(-)_(7),N_(10) and N_(12) chains and the development trends of this research field were pointed out.With 65 references.

关 键 词：有机化学 氮链扩增方法 全氮材料 N5 N8 N10 N11 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]