国际视野下职务发明权属制度的经验与启示  

Experience and Implications of the Service Invention Ownership System from an International Perspective

作　　者：曾莉[1] 付雪旻 Zeng Li;Fu Xuemin(Chongqing Intellectual Property School,Chongqing University of Technology,Chongqing 400054,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆理工大学重庆知识产权学院,重庆400054

出　　处：《科技与法律（中英文）》2021年第1期44-52,共9页Science Technology and Law（Chinese-English Version）

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划项目“上市公司知识产权信息披露法律规制研究”(2014PY20);重庆市教委人文社会科学研究项目“产学研协同创新的高校专利转化机制研究”(16SKGH145)。

摘　　要：健全的职务发明权属制度对平衡雇主与雇员之间的利益、助推科技成果转化及知识产权强国建设具有重要意义,而现阶段,《专利法》第6条关于利用物质技术条件完成的发明权属分配并不完善。探索并比较美法德职务发明权属变迁,借鉴其优秀经验,创新性的从形式逻辑学视角解读物质技术条件的内涵和外延,提出将物质技术条件分为特殊性和普通性两类,规定对于利用雇主特殊性物质技术条件完成的发明,专利权归雇主享有,雇员获得奖酬;对于利用雇主普通性物质技术条件完成的发明,雇员享有专利权;如提供的普通资源对发明起到重要作用,雇主可获得相应的补偿费或享有优先受让权。这为完善我国《专利法》规定提供了解决之道。A sound service invention ownership system is of great significance for balancing the interests of employers and employees and promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.At this stage,Article 6 of the Patent Law"on the use of material and technical conditions to complete the distribution of ownership of inven⁃tions"is not perfect.This paper explores and compares the changes in the ownership of service inventions in the Unit⁃ed States,France,and Germany,draws on their excellent experience,and innovatively interprets the connotation and extension of material technical conditions from the perspective of formal logic.It proposes that material technical condi⁃tions should be divided into two categories,specific and common,and that the patent right belongs to the employer for the invention made with the employer's specific material and technical conditions.For inventions made by using the employer's ordinary material and technical conditions,employees enjoy patent rights.Where common resources are provided that are important to the invention,the employer may receive compensation or have first refusal rights.This provides a solution for improving China's current Patent Law provisions.

关 键 词：职务发明 权利归属 物质技术条件 普通性 特殊性 

分 类 号：D923.42[政治法律—民商法学]