油菜秸秆生物炭对植烟红壤养分及细菌群落多样性的影响  

Effects of Straw Biochar on Soil Nutrients and Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Tobacco-planting Red Soil

作　　者：况帅[1] 段焰 刘芮 程昌新[3] 胡志明 刘浩[3] 何晓健[3] 王松峰[1] 宋文静[1] 丛萍 KUANG Shuai;DUAN Yan;LIU Rui;CHENG Changxin;HU Zhiming;LIU Hao;HE Xiaojian;WANG Songfeng;SONG Wenjing;CONG Ping(Institute of Tobacco Research of CAAS,Qingdao 266101,China;Baoshan Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province,Baoshan Yunnan,678000,China;Hongyun Honghe Tobacco Company of Limited Liability,Kunming 661000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [2]云南省烟草公司保山市公司,云南保山678000 [3]红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司,昆明650202

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2021年第1期20-26,共7页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技项目(2019530000241017);红云红河烟草(集团)有限责任公司项目(HYHH2019YL02);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC03)。

摘　　要：为了解不同用量油菜秸秆生物炭还田对土壤养分及细菌群落多样性的影响,田间设置3个处理,CK:常规施肥(对照);T1:CK+4.5 t/hm^(2)油菜秸秆生物炭;T2:CK+9 t/hm^(2)油菜秸秆生物炭,测定并比较了各处理的土壤pH、有机质、速效养分以及细菌群落多样性。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,T1、T2处理的0~20和20~40 cm土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量显著提高,40~60 cm土壤的显著降低;(2)与CK相比,T1和T2土壤细菌组成更为相似,土壤OTU数目均较CK显著增加,增幅分别为28.59%和33.82%,然而仅T2处理的细菌群落丰度和多样性较CK增加;(3)在门水平上,土壤中相对丰度前3位的优势菌群与土壤有效磷和速效钾含量呈显著正相关。综上所述,施用油菜秸秆生物炭可以显著增加0~20、20~40 cm土壤有机质和速效氮、磷、钾含量,增加土壤细菌群落多样性,其中常规施肥结合施用9 t/hm^(2)秸秆生物炭的效果更为理想。The short-term effects of different application rates of straw biochar on soil nutrients and the diversity of bacterial communities were studied in order to provide instruction for improvement of tobacco-planting soil and rational utilization of straw resources in Baoshan of Yunan province.The field experiment in 2019 was constituted of three treatments:1)CK,conventional fertilization,2)T1,CK+straw biochar 4.5 t/ha,and 3)T2,CK+straw biochar 9 t/ha.The values of soil pH,organic matter,available nutrient contents and bacterial community diversity were measured and compared.The results were as follows.1)Compared with CK,the contents of organic matter,alkeline-N,rapid available P and rapid available K were significantly increased in 0-20 cm layers but decreased in 40-60 cm layers in T1 and T2.2)Compared with CK,the bacterial composition of T1 and T2 was more similar.The OTU numbers of both samples were significantly increased by 28.59%and 33.82%,respectively.However,the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities in T2 were higher than CK.3)The top three dominant soil bacterial communities in relative abundance had significant positive correlation with available P and rapid available K of the soil.In a conclusion,the application amount of straw biochar can significantly improve soil fertility and diversity of bacterial communities of tobacco-planting soil,and the conventional fertilization with 9 t/ha straw biochar is better,but the interaction mechanism between soil nutrients and microorganisms after biochar application should be further studied.

关 键 词：秸秆生物炭 土壤养分 细菌群落多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S572[农业科学—农业基础科学]