中国和美国地面臭氧污染对比分析  

Comparison of Surface Ozone Pollution Between China and the US

作　　者：高澜 孟晓艳[3] 乐旭 张霞[3] GAO Lan;MENG Xiaoyan;YUE Xu;ZHANG Xia(University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Climate Change Research Center,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Center,Beijing 100012,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control,School of Environment Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所,气候变化研究中心,北京100029 [3]中国环境监测总站,国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012 [4]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏省大气环境监测与污染控制高技术研究重点实验室,大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2021年第1期40-48,共9页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“大气污染成因与控制技术研究”重点专项(2017YFC0212801)。

摘　　要：利用中国和美国地面臭氧(O_(3))监测数据,从国家、区域、城市、站点多个层面对两国O_(3)污染的时间变化特征和空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:从全年角度,中国O_(3)污染集中在4—9月,2018年延长至3—10月;美国集中在4—8月。1980年以来,美国O_(3)浓度呈下降趋势;中国O_(3)浓度在2015—2018年呈上升趋势,与同时期美国O_(3)平均浓度水平相当,但O_(3)极值处于美国20世纪80年代污染水平,且中国站点年均O_(3)超标天数(22~36 d)约为美国站点(2~3 d)的9.2~12.9倍。中国O_(3)浓度高值区主要分布在京津冀、长三角、珠三角和四川盆地等地区,美国集中在加利福尼亚州(California)。京津冀和长三角地区2017—2018年O_(3)平均浓度水平高于加利福尼亚州,北京、上海和广州3个城市2015—2018年O_(3)平均浓度水平低于同时期的圣贝纳迪诺(San Bernardino)和河滨(Riverside)。Based on the surface ozone(O_(3))monitoring data of China and the United States,the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of O_(3) pollution in the two countries are analyzed from multiple levels of countries,regions,cities and sites.The results show that from a year-round perspective,China’s O_(3) pollution is concentrated in April-September,and it was extended to March-October in 2018,while it is concentrated in April-August in the United States.Compared to the decline of O_(3) levels in the US since 1980,observations in China have shown a rapid increase in 2015-2018.From the national,regional and urban levels,the average levels of O_(3) between China and the US are comparable,but the extreme levels in China are much higher with levels in the US during the period of 1980s.Besides,the number of days with O_(3) levels exceeding the ClassⅡAmbient Air Quality for a single site in China(22-36 days)is about 9.2-12.9 times of that in the US(2-3 days).The main pollution regions in China are Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),Yangtze River Delta(YRD),Pearl River Delta(PRD)and Sichuan Basin(SCB)regions.In the US,California(CA)has the most serious O_(3) pollution.The average O_(3) levels over BTH and YRD regions are higher than CA in 2017-2018 while the average levels of Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou are lower than San Bernardino and Riverside.

关 键 词：臭氧 中国 美国 空间分布 年际变化 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]