邯郸市冬季大气PM_(2.5)中金属元素空间污染特征及生态风险评价  

Spatial Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Metal Elements in PM2.5 in Winter in Handan City

作　　者：武振晓 闫珊珊[1] 薛凡利 刘召策 吴馨 杨旗 胡伟[2] 岳亮 樊景森[1] 牛红亚[1] WU Zhenxiao;YAN Shanshan;XUE Fanli;LIU Zhaoce;WU Xin;YANG Qi;HU Wei;YUE Liang;FAN Jingsen;NIU Hongya(Key Laboratory of Resource Survey and Research of Hebei Province,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China;Institute of Surface-Earth System Science,School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Environmental Monitoring Center of Handan,Handan 056001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学,河北省资源勘测研究重点实验室,河北邯郸056038 [2]天津大学地球系统科学学院表层地球系统科学研究院,天津300072 [3]河北省邯郸市环境监测中心,河北邯郸056001

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2021年第1期76-86,共11页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41807305,41805118);河北省杰出青年科学基金(D2018402149);河北省高校百名优秀创新人才支持计划(SLRC2019021);河北省人力资源和社会保障厅“三三三人才”工程(A201803004,A201901051);环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室(清华大学)开放基金(18K02ESPCT);河北省重点研发计划项目(19273705D)。

摘　　要：为研究邯郸市大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中金属元素的污染特征,选取城区4个功能区(工业区、工业生活区、教学区和交通区)分别布设采样点位,采集2017年冬季PM2.5样品。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析样品中11种金属元素(V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Co、Cu、As、Cd、Ba和Bi)的含量,对其空间污染特征进行比较,并运用主成分分析、聚类分析和绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归模型对金属元素的来源及其贡献率进行模拟计算,对Cr、Ni、Cu、As和Cd的潜在生态风险进行评估。研究结果表明,邯郸市冬季PM2.5污染较为严重,4个功能区的PM2.5日均值远超《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)二级标准限值。对金属元素含量的分析表明,教学区大气PM2.5中金属元素质量浓度的总和相对较低,尤其是Fe、Cr、Cd、Mn和Cu的含量均低于其他3个功能区,但是As的含量较高。富集因子计算结果显示,V、Co和Ba在邯郸市的富集系数小、污染程度低,其余金属元素尤其是As、Fe、Cd和Bi的富集系数大、污染程度高。对研究区大气PM2.5金属元素的来源进行解析发现,金属元素的主要来源包括工业生产、自然源、化石燃料的燃烧及交通运输活动。其中,Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Cd和Ba主要来自工业活动,V、Co和Bi的主要来源是自然源,Ni和As主要来自化石燃料的燃烧及交通运输活动。潜在生态风险评估发现,邯郸市4个功能区金属元素的总生态风险指数均较高,尤其是As和Cd在各个功能区的潜在生态风险程度为极强,但Cr和Ni的潜在生态风险程度较低。In order to understand the pollution characteristics of metal elements in fine particles(PM_(2.5))of Handan City,PM_(2.5)were sampled in four functional areas(industrial area,industrial living area,educational area and traffic area)in winter of 2017.The contents of 11 metal elements(V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Co,Cu,As,Cd,Ba,and Bi)in PM_(2.5)sample were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,and the spatial pollution characteristics were compared.The source apportionment and contribution of metal elements were simulated by PCA,CA and APCS-MLR.The potential ecological risks of five metal elements(Cr,Ni,Cu,As and Cd)were evaluated.The results showed that the PM_(2.5)pollution in four locations of Handan was serious in winter,which excessed the Ambient Air Quality Standard(GB 3095-2012)24 h mass-based standard of 75μg/m^(3).The total concentration of metal elements in the educational area was relatively low,especially for the concentrations of Fe,Cr,Cd,Mn and Cu,which were far lower than the other three functional areas.The concentration of As was higher in the educational area.The result of EFs showed that the enrichment coefficients of V,Co and Ba were lower in Handan City,which indicated almost pollution-free.The enrichment coefficient of other metal elements,especially As,Fe,Cd and Bi were higher,which showed serious pollution.By sources analysis,the metal elements mainly came from industrial emissions,natural sources,and combustion of fossil fuels and transportation.Cr,Mn,Fe,Cu,Cd and Ba were due primarily to industrial activities,V,Co and Bi were mainly from natural sources,and Ni and As were mainly caused by combustion of fossil fuels and traffic activities.The total ecological risk index of metal elements in four functional areas was higher.The potential ecological risks of As and Cd in each functional area were very strong,and these were relatively low for Cr and Ni.

关 键 词：PM2.5 金属元素 污染特征 来源解析 生态风险 

分 类 号：X831[环境科学与工程—环境工程]