局部根区交替灌溉与氮素耦合对葡萄生长及15N-尿素利用的影响  

Coupling Effects of Alternate Partial Root-Zone Irrigation and Nitrogen Rate on Growth and N-Urea Use of Grapes

作　　者：陈丽楠[1,2] 韩晓日 孙占祥[3] 刘秀春[1] CHEN Linan;HAN Xiaori;SUN Zhanxiang;LIU Xiuchun(Liaoning Institute of Pomology,Xiongyue,Liaoning 115009;College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866;Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning 110161)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省果树科学研究所,辽宁熊岳115009 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [3]辽宁省农业科学院,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《核农学报》2021年第2期447-453,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：辽宁省自然基金项目(201602407);沈阳市博士后资金项目。

摘　　要：为探讨局部根区交替灌溉与不同氮水平的耦合效应,采用盆栽试验,以两年生巨峰葡萄幼树为试材,利用15N标记示踪技术,设不同灌溉方式(传统双侧滴灌、固定根区滴灌、交替根区滴灌,分别记为CDI、FDI、ADI)和施氮水平(施氮量为0.4、0.8、1.2 g·kg^(-1)土,分别记为N1、N2、N3),研究局部根区交替灌溉与不同氮水平耦合对葡萄生长指标、氮素的吸收与分配及15N肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,与CDI相比,FDI和ADI葡萄新梢修剪量平均显著降低21.3%和13.5%,同一灌溉方式下,葡萄新梢修剪量随施氮量的增加而增加。果实干物质量和当年生物量均表现为ADI>CDI>FDI,FDI和ADI的果实干物质量随着施氮量增加而增加,CDI的果实干物质量在N2最高。ADI果实的Ndff值明显高于CDI和FDI,主蔓和根砧等贮藏器官的Ndff值于不同灌溉方式间差异较小。随着施氮量的增加,葡萄各器官Ndff值降低。ADI的15N肥料利用率最高,分别比CDI和FDI平均显著提高1.3和6.0个百分点,且15N肥料利用率随着施氮量的增加而降低。总之,根区交替灌溉(ADI)与中等施氮量(N2)耦合既能协调葡萄的生长,获得较高的果实干物质积累,又能获得较高的氮肥利用率。本研究为葡萄高产与水氮高效协调栽培提供了理论依据。To investigate the coupling effects of alternate partial root-zone irrigation with different nitrogen rates,biennial grape trees were selected as experiment samples.15N isotope tracing was applied to this pot experiment with different irrigation methods(conventional drip irrigation,fixed root-zone drip irrigation,alternate root-zone drip irrigation,abbreviated as CDI,FDI,and ADI)and different nitrogen application rates(three N levels 0.4,0.8,1.2 g·kg^(-1)soil,marked as N1,N2,and N3).The characteristics of the grape growth index,rate of nitrogen absorption,and distribution were studied under different irrigation methods and N levels.The results indicated that,compared with CDI treatment,the average pruning amount of FDI and ADI treatments decreased by 21.3%and 13.4%respectively.Meanwhile,the pruning amount of new shoots increased with the increase of N application rate under the same irrigation method.The fruit dry matter and the season biomass from different treatments are ADI>CDI>FDI under the same N application rate.The fruit dry matter increased with the increase of nitrogen application under FDI and ADI and it reached the highest value at N2 under CDI treatment.The Ndff value of fruit with ADI treatment was the highest,and there were no significant differences in the Ndff value of storage organs such as the main vine and root stock between different irrigation methods.However,the Ndff value of different grape organs decreased with increasing N application rate under the same irrigation method.The utilization rate of 15N under ADI was the highest,which was significantly higher than CDI and FDI by 1.3 and 6.0 percent don average respectively.Besides,the 15N utilization rate decreased with increasing nitrogen application.In conclusion,the coupling 6.0 percentof ADI and medium nitrogen application rate(N2)can regulate the growth of grape,accumulate more fruit dry matter and increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer as well.The result of this study provides a theoretical basis for the high yield of gra

关 键 词：葡萄 根区交替滴灌 施氮量 氮肥利用率 15N示踪 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]