不同覆盖材料对避雨葡萄园土壤微生物特征及葡萄生长与品质的影响  

Influence of Different Mulching Materials on Soil Microbe and Grape Growth in Rain-Shelter Vineyard

作　　者：罗玲[1] 钟奇[1] 王进[2] 潘宏兵[3] 刘伟[1] LUO Ling;ZHONG Qi;WANG Jin;PAN Hongbing;LIU Wei(Horticulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu,Sichuan 610066;College of Horticulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu,Sichuan 611130;Panzhihua Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Panzhihua,Sichuan 617061)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院园艺研究所,四川成都610066 [2]四川农业大学园艺学院,四川成都611130 [3]攀枝花市农林科学研究院,四川攀枝花617061

出　　处：《核农学报》2021年第2期471-480,共10页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2018NZ0147);四川省科技计划项目(2018TJPT0019)。

摘　　要：为评价不同覆盖材料在避雨葡萄园中的覆盖效果,通过田间试验,采用秸秆(SM)、透明地膜(WM)、反光膜(RM)、地布(CM)4种材料进行地表连续(2017年11月至2018年10月)覆盖处理,以地表裸露为对照(CK),以夏黑葡萄为试材,研究了避雨葡萄园中不同覆盖材料对土壤微生物特征及葡萄生长与品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,地布、透明地膜和反光膜覆盖均可提高0~40 cm土层土壤真菌、细菌数量,降低土壤放线菌数量;4种覆盖材料下土壤微生物生物量碳含量和微生物熵均高于CK,而微生物代谢熵则低于CK;随着生育进程的推进,地布、透明地膜和反光膜覆盖下的土壤有机碳含量呈降低趋势,秸秆覆盖则相反;秸秆和地布覆盖处理可增强土壤呼吸强度,透明地膜和反光膜覆盖处理则降低土壤呼吸强度;4种覆盖材料均可增加葡萄根系活力,促进葡萄叶片及新梢生长,提高葡萄果实内在和外在品质。秸秆覆盖下土壤微生物数量及活性最强,其微生物总量、微生物生物量碳含量、微生物熵及土壤呼吸强度分别较CK显著提高20.27%、51.43%、40.38%、13.52%,而其微生物代谢熵较CK显著降低22.51%;秸秆和反光膜覆盖下葡萄果实品质较佳,二者差异不显著,其果实可溶性固形物分别较CK显著提高14.25%、17.74%。本研究结果为避雨葡萄园覆盖材料的选择提供了理论和实践参考。To explore the mulching effect of different mulching materials in rain-shelter vineyards,a field experiment was designed,and non-mulching(CK)as control,and four mulching materials of Straw Mulch(SM),White Plastic Film Mulch(WM),Reflective Plastic Film Mulch(RM),Ground Cloth Mulch(CM)were treated continuously from November 2017 to October 2018.Taking the summer black grape as the sample,the effects of different mulching materials on soil microbe and grape growth in rain-shelter vineyards were studied.The results indicated that,compared with the control check(CK),by CM,WM and RM treatment,the number of fungi and bacteria in 0~40 cm soil layer could be increased and soil actinomycetes could be reduced;soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial quotient under the four mulching materials were all higher than CK,while microbial metabolic quotient was lower than the control;soil organic carbon under CM,WM and RM treatment showed a decreasing trend and under SM treatment was on the contrary;SM and CM treatment could increase soil respiration intensity,and WM and RM treatment were on the contrary;the four mulching materials could increase the grape root activity,promote the growth of grape leaves and new shoots,and improve the internal and external quality of grape.The quantity and activity of soil microorganism under SM treatment were the strongest,whose total microbial biomass,soil microbial biomass carbon,soil microbial quotient and soil respiration intensity significantly increased by 20.27%,51.43%,40.38%,and 13.52%,respectively,while soil microbial metabolic quotient significantly decreased by 22.51%compared with the control;Grape fruit quality was better under SM and RM treatment,but no significant difference was found between them.Compared with the control,the soluble solids of SM and RM treatment significantly increased by 14.25%,and 17.74%,respectively.The experiment results provided theoretical and practical references for the selection of mulching materials in rain-shelter vineyards.

关 键 词：地面覆盖 葡萄园 土壤微生物 土壤呼吸强度 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S154.3[农业科学—园艺学]