不同播深环境下玉米耐深播性状杂种优势及遗传效应解析  

Heterosis and Genetic Effects Analysis of Deep-Seeding Traits in Maize Under Different Sowing Environments

作　　者：钟源 赵小强[1] 李文丽 张丹[1] 周文期 ZHONG Yuan;ZHAO Xiaoqiang;LI Wenli;ZHANG Dan;ZHOU Wenqi(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science,Gansu Agricultural University',Lanzhou,Gansu 730070;Crop Research Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《核农学报》2021年第3期556-566,共11页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：甘肃农业大学科技创新基金-公招博士科研启动基金(GAU-KYQD-2018-19);甘肃农业大学甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金(GSCS-2019-8);甘肃省高等学校创新能力提升项目(2019A-052);甘肃省农业科学院农业科技创新专项(2020GAAS06)。

摘　　要：为确定玉米耐深播性状的杂种优势表现及遗传规律,本研究以耐深播性不同的22份亲本及组配的22份F1杂交种为试材,在3、15和20 cm播深下,采用加性-显性-母体遗传模型(ADM)分析了13个耐深播性状的杂种优势、遗传效应及配合力大小。结果表明,随播深增加玉米亲本和F1的出苗率、苗长、根长、中胚轴粗及根重降低,而中胚轴长、胚芽鞘长、中胚轴与胚芽鞘和、中胚轴与胚芽鞘比、胚芽鞘粗、苗重、中胚轴重及胚芽鞘重升高;Pearson和主成分分析(PCA)表明,这13个性状间的协同或拮抗作用形成了玉米耐深播响应机制。13个耐深播性状的杂交优势表现明显,F_(1)杂种优势指数介于90.97%~175.64%;除中胚轴与胚芽鞘比、胚芽鞘重外,其余性状均表现为正向中亲和超亲优势。因此培育耐深播玉米品种时不仅需要注重对高亲、中亲及母本等主要基础材料的选择,还需兼顾杂种优势的影响,以提高育种选择效率。中胚轴长、胚芽鞘长、中胚轴与胚芽鞘和、中胚轴与胚芽鞘比及根长的加性遗传效应占主导地位,育种上可用简单回交法或单交重组法在早代对这些性状进行遗传改良;其余性状同时受加性与显性遗传主效应及其与环境互作效应的调控,这些性状最好在特定播深环境下进行遗传改良,以充分发挥其在特定环境下的杂种优势。13个耐深播性状的双亲一般配合力(GCA)及F_(1)特殊配合力(SCA)间均差异显著,筛选出1份综合加性效应值良好的父本8802A,推测利用优良H21×8802A后代能改良创制一些优良耐深播玉米材料。本研究为玉米耐深播新品种培育奠定了理论基础。To determine the heterosis and genetic effects of maize deep-seeding tolerance-related traits. 22 F1 hybrids and 22 parents with different deep-seeding tolerance were used as materials to analyze the heterosis, genetic effect, and combining ability of 13 deep-seeding tolerance-related traits by ADM(additive-dominance-maternal effect genetic model) under 3, 15, and 20 cm depths in this study. It was found that: with the increase of sowing depths, seeding emergence rate(RAT), seedling length(SDL), root length(RL), mesocotyl coarse(MESC), and root weight(RW) of parents and F1 were decreased, however, mesocotyl length(MESL), coleoptile length(COLL), mesocotyl and coleoptile total length(MESL+COLL), mesocotyl length: coleoptile length ratio(MESL/COLL), coleoptile coarse(COLC), seedling weight(SDW), mesocotyl weight(MESW), and coleoptile weight(COLW) were increased;The Pearson correlation and PCA(principal component analysis) showed that the synergies or antagonisms of among 13 traits formed the response mechanism of maize deep-seeding tolerance. The 13 traits displayed obviously, F_(1) heterosis index were 90.97%~175.64%;Except for MESL/COLL and COLW, other traits showed positive mid-parent and over-parent heterosis. Thus, to improve maize breeding efficiency, it is necessary to pay attention to the selection of main basic materials, namely high-parent, middle-parent, and female-parent, as well as the influence of heterosis should be considered. The additive genetic effect of MESL, COLL, MES+COLL, MESL/COLL, and RL were predominated, these traits could be modified in early generations by simple backcross or single cross recombination;Other traits displayed additive and dominance main effects, and interaction effects with environment, these traits could be modified at specific sowing depths to reflect their heterosis. The general and special combining abilities of parents and F_(1) in 13 traits had significant differences, 8802 A male-parent with good comprehensive additive effect value was screened, H21×8802 A progen

关 键 词：玉米 耐深播性 杂种优势 遗传效应 配合力 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]