黄土丘陵区地表甲虫空间异质性对环境变化的响应  

Response of spatial heterogeneity of surface beetles to environmental changes in the Loess Hilly Region

作　　者：马永强 马超 欧阳芳 杭佳[1] 石云[2] MA Yongqiang;MA Chao;OUYANG Fang;HANG Jia;SHI Yun(School of Agricultural,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;College of Resources and Environmental Science,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Land Survey and Planning Institute of Natural Resources Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750000,China;State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学资源环境学院,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏回族自治区自然资源厅土地勘测规划院,宁夏银川750000 [4]中国科学院动物所农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第2期68-75,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41161081);宁夏重点研发项目(2019BEG03049)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解环境因子对黄土丘陵区地表甲虫群落多样性和空间分布的影响。【方法】以宁夏彭阳县高建堡流域为研究区,以GF-2高分辨率遥感影像和数字高程模型(DEM)为数据源,利用3S技术获取研究区土地利用、坡度、海拔等环境因子。采用陷阱法在6个植物群落分明的样地诱捕地表甲虫,并对地表甲虫统计数据进行初步处理和分类。结合广义可加模型(GAM)探究研究区地表甲虫空间异质性与环境因子变化的关系。【结果】(1)GAM自变量(海拔、坡度、坡向和土壤水分)对因变量(地表甲虫种群数量)的决定系数为60.20%,说明研究区地表步甲科甲虫对所选用的环境因子有很大的趋向性。(2)GAM中各环境因子对步甲科甲虫数量和空间分布的影响存在明显差异,其中海拔的影响为23.10%,坡度为9.54%,坡向为8.03%,环境因子中土壤水分为46.80%。(3)土壤水分是影响黄土丘陵沟壑区步甲科昆虫最重要的因素,其受到海拔、坡度、坡向等地形因子影响,对甲虫生存环境起到关键性作用,步甲科昆虫在土壤水分25%~45%的区域分布密度最大。【结论】研究区地表甲虫主要分布于灌草混交林地、乔灌混交林地和生态薪炭林地,其中灌草混交林地是地表甲虫生存、栖息的最佳生境。步甲科昆虫是该流域内的广布种和优势种。【Objective】This study aimed to understand the influence of environmental factors on the diversity and spatial distribution of surface beetles in the Loess Hilly Region.【Method】This study focused on the Gaojianpu watershed in Pengyang County of Ningxia and the GF-2 high-resolution remote sensing image and digital elevation model(DEM)were used as data sources.The 3S technology was used to obtain the environmental factors such as land use,slope and elevation.The trap method was used to trap surface beetles in 6 well-defined plots.The surface beetle statistics were preliminarily processed and classified.The coefficient of generalized additive model(GAM)was used to explore the spatial heterogeneity of surface beetles in the study area.【Result】(1)The independent variables(altitude,slope,aspect and soil moisture)of the GAM model had the determination coefficient of 60.20%for the dependent variable(number of insect populations),indicating that surface beetles tended to choose the selected environmental factors.There were large differences in the influences of environmental factors on number and spatial distribution of beetles in the GAM model.The effects of altitude slope,slope aspect and soil moisture were 23.10%,9.54%,8.03%and 46.80%,respectively.(3)Soil moisture was the most important factor affecting beetles in the Loess Hilly and Gully Region.It affected topographic factors such as elevation,slope and aspect,and played a key role in the survival environment of beetles.The surface beetles had the highest density distribution with soil moisture of 25%-45%.【Conclusion】The surface beetles in the study area mainly distributed in the mixed grassland,the mixed forest and the fuel-wood forest.The mixed grassland was the best habitat for beetles and surface beetle was the widespread and dominant species in the basin.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵沟壑区 地表甲虫 环境因子 空间异质 广义可加模型(GAM) 

分 类 号：Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]