故宫藏清代挂屏镶嵌玻璃饰件的科学分析  

Scientific analysis of glass inlays of a Qing Dynasty hanging screen in the Palace Museum

作　　者：张瑜 贾翠[2] 孙鸥[2] 孔艳菊[2] 曲亮[2] 马泓蛟 陈坤龙 ZHANG Yu;JIA Cui;SUN Ou;KONG Yanju;QU Liang;MA Hongjiao;CHEN Kunlong(Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science&Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院,北京100083 [2]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2021年第1期73-80,共8页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：故宫博物院2015年度科研课题资助(KT201511)。

摘　　要：清代镶嵌器物数量巨大且种类繁多,玻璃是其中一种重要的镶嵌材料。为探讨清代镶嵌玻璃饰件的成分特征和加工工艺,本工作采用微区X射线荧光能谱、扫描电子显微镜、显微共聚焦拉曼光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱等方法,对故宫馆藏清代紫檀木边嵌玉石楼阁挂屏上的6件镶嵌玻璃饰件进行了初步分析,结果表明:6件玻璃饰件属于K_(2)O-CaO-SiO_(2)体系,以石英岩引入SiO_(2)作玻璃基体,硝石作助熔剂引入K_(2)O,CaO有方解石和萤石两个主要来源;深蓝色玻璃着色元素为钴,浅蓝色玻璃着色元素为铜,蓝绿色玻璃为铜和铁共同着色,4件玻璃饰件乳浊剂均为CaF_(2);黄色玻璃以铅锡黄为着色剂并乳浊剂。通过显微形貌观察结合档案记载,认为镶嵌玻璃饰件是在熔制好的玻璃块上经过二次加工而成,加工工艺采用了中国古代传统的治玉工艺。研究结果可为清代镶嵌工艺及玻璃制作工艺的研究提供佐证。Inlaid objects of the Qing Dynasty are numerous and varied,and glass is one of the important materials for inlays.In this study,we analyzed the composition and manufacturing techniques of six glass inlays on a Qing Dynasty jade-inlaid hanging screen with a red sandalwood frame from the Palace Museum.Micro-area X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,scanning electron microscopy,micro-Raman spectrometry and laser-induced breakdown spectrometry were applied to the analyses of composition and microstructure.The results show that the samples belong to the K_(2)O-CaO-SiO_(2) system.SiO_(2) is introduced with quartz as the glass matrix,K_(2)O is introduced with niter as the flux and CaO has two main sources:calcite and fluorite.Dark blue glass is colored with cobalt,light blue glass is colored with copper and blue-green glass has copper and iron as its coloring agents.The opacifier for the four glass inlays is CaF 2.Lead-tin yellow is both the coloring agent and opacifier of yellow glass inlays.According to microscopic appearances and archives,it is considered that these glass inlays were made through secondary processing which adopted the traditional jade-manufacturing technique on the glass block.

关 键 词：镶嵌玻璃饰件 原料配方 加工工艺 

分 类 号：K876.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]