农村劳动力贫困人口的心理“可行能力”研究——来自心理学的实验证据  

A Study on Psychological“Capability”of the Rural Labor with Poverty:Evidence from Psychological Experiments

作　　者：王淑珍[1,2] 李克静 张恩平 董婧萌 董安利 王娟 WANG Shu-zhen;LI Ke-jing;ZHANG En-ping;DONG Jing-meng;DONG An-li;WANG Juan(School of Public Adminitration,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;The Research Center for Livelihood Security and Social Governance in Shaanxi Province,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学公共管理学院,陕西西安710127 [2]陕西省民生保障与社会治理研究中心,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第2期85-96,共12页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目:农村劳动力相对贫困人口的行为决策特征及干预研究(19XSH019)。

摘　　要：基于稀缺降低人们的心智,本文将阿马蒂亚·森提出的“可行能力”拓展至认知、元认知功能与自尊,共同构成心理“可行能力”。然而,贫困对劳动力人口心理“可行能力”的影响尚不清楚。本研究通过心理学实验,探讨贫困对农村劳动力心理“可行能力”的影响。研究发现,贫困并未阻碍劳动力人口的基本认知功能,而对其元认知监测功能有阻碍的倾向;贫困对劳动力人口的外显自尊无影响,却显著损害其内隐自尊,而且劳动力贫困人口的内隐自尊与外显自尊相互背离,呈脆弱型高自尊。因此,今后的扶贫政策可将认知功能作为劳动力贫困人口精准瞄准的参考标准之一,设计应对劳动力贫困人口元认知监测功能下降的助推方案,聚焦劳动力贫困人口内隐自尊的重建,以激活他们可持续减贫的内生动力。Based on the perspective of scarcity that poverty is adverse to human mindsets,the“capability”proposed by Amartya Sen could be expended to cognition,metacognition and self-esteem,thus forming psychological“capability”.However,the influence of poverty on the rural labor’s psychological“capability”is unclear.By employing experimental methods,the present study has found that the cognition of the rural labor with poverty has been unimpaired,and the poverty is inclined to harm their metacognitive monitoring.Moreover,the poverty has damaged the rural labor’s implicit self-esteem(ISE)while their explicit self-esteem(ESE)has remained untouched,the ISE of the rural labor with poverty deviated from ESE,and the poverty’s self-esteem was of vulnerable high self-esteem.The current findings imply that the future policies of poverty alleviation could refer to the cognition of individuals to decide who should be covered,design nudging proposals to interfere with the inclination of metacognitive monitoring deficit,and focus on restoring implicit self-esteem for the labor with poverty to activate their sustainable internal power for poverty reduction.

关 键 词：贫困 可行能力 认知控制 元认知监测 元认知控制 内隐自尊 外显自尊 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]