北京铁路枢纽丰台火车站改建工程自然通风设计方案探讨  

Study on the Design Scheme of Natural Ventilation System in the Reconstruction Project of Beijing Fengtai Railway Terminal Station

作　　者：孔华彪 周添 孙兆军 KONG Huabiao;ZHOU Tian;SUN Zhaojun(China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300308,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路设计集团有限公司,天津300308

出　　处：《铁道标准设计》2021年第3期131-136,170,共7页Railway Standard Design

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0705000);中国铁路设计集团有限公司科技开发课题(7217116)。

摘　　要：北京铁路枢纽丰台火车站采用双层车场的特殊结构形式,高架候车厅区域出入口多且开启时间较长,设计方案考虑过渡季在该区域利用自然通风代替传统设计的机械通风。为验证自然通风设计方案的可行性,探究预期实践效果,通过STREAM软件对两种门窗设计方案下的自然通风效果进行模拟分析、对比,并基于优化方案进行节能及经济性分析。分析结果表明:经过合理的优化设计,自然通风可以满足过渡季大部分时间室内舒适度要求,甚至可以在空调季部分低负荷时间段使用;在工程设计中应充分利用热压作用,通过合理的通风口高程布置来增强自然通风效果,而不是简单的加大通风口面积;采用自然通风在节约运行费用以及初投资方面有巨大优势。Beijing Fengtai Railway Terminal Station adopts the special structure of double deck yard.There are many entrances and exits in the elevated waiting hall area and the opening time is long.The design scheme in this paper replaces the mechanical ventilation in the waiting hall with the natural ventilation system during the transition season.In order to verify the feasibility of the natural ventilation design scheme and explore the expected practical effect,the natural ventilation effects of two types of doors and windows are simulated,analyzed,compared and verified with STREAM software.The energy conservation and economic efficiency of the natural ventilation design scheme are analyzed.The results show that natural ventilation can be used to meet the requirements of indoor comfort in most of the transition season and in part of low load period of air conditioning season after reasonable optimization.The thermal pressure should be fully used to enhance the natural ventilation effect through reasonable vent elevation layout,rather than simply increasing the vent area.The use of natural ventilation has great advantages in saving operation costs and initial investment.

关 键 词：铁路客站 高架候车厅 过渡季 自然通风 数值模拟 设计优化 舒适性 运行费用及初投资 

分 类 号：TU834.1[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程] U291.6[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]