煤粉工业锅炉爆燃机理分析及防爆措施  

Deflagration mechanism analysis and preventive measures for pulverized coal industrial boilers

作　　者：杨允 何海军 YANG Yun;HE Haijun(China Coal Technology Engineering Group Clean Energy Corporation Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;China Coal Technology Engineering Group (Tianjin) Clean Energy Research Institute Corporation Ltd.,Tianjin 300467,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工清洁能源股份有限公司,北京100013 [2]中煤科工(天津)清洁能源研究院有限公司,天津300467

出　　处：《煤质技术》2021年第1期58-62,共5页Coal Quality Technology

基　　金：中国煤炭科工集团有限公司科技创新创业资金专项面上项目(2018-2-MS033)。

摘　　要：煤粉工业锅炉具有技术先进、高效节能、启动快速、清洁环保等优点,正在国内得到普及和推广,是我国工业锅炉未来发展的重要方向,但国内煤粉工业锅炉运行管理水平尚待提高,爆燃事故时有发生,造成设备严重破坏,危及人身安全,因而对爆燃机理进行分析及提出预防爆燃的措施,可为今后避免诱发爆燃事故提供有效的依据。基于爆燃的数学模型,并结合实际工程事故案例,分析了煤粉锅炉爆燃机理、主要影响因素以及诱发爆燃的主要原因。研究结果表明:煤粉积存容积和炉膛容积的比值、煤粉单位容积发热量、爆燃前炉膛内的温度是影响煤粉锅炉爆燃的主要因素;炉膛灭火是导致煤粉锅炉爆燃最主要的原因;通过采取点火前强化安全检查、及时清除送粉管内沉积煤粉、设置火检和负压联锁保护、合理控制水封刮板水位、注重停炉保养等措施,可有效解决煤粉工业锅炉在锅炉设计、点火、运行、停炉等环节的爆燃问题,保证其安全、经济、稳定运行。The pulverized coal industrial boiler is an advanced technology with advantages of high efficiency&energy saving,quick start,environmental protection,etc.,and is being popularized and promoted in China.It is an important direction for the future development of Chinese industrial boiler.However,the operation management level of domestic pulverized coal industrial boilers still needs to be improved.Frequent occurrence of deflagration incident causes severe damage to equipment and endangers personal safety.Therefore,analyzing the deflagration mechanism of pulverized coal industrial boilers and proposing the preventive measures for pulverized coal industrial boilers can provide the effective basis for avoiding deflagration accident.Based on the mathematical model of deflagration and combined with the actual cases of engineering incident,the deflagration mechanism,main influential factors and major reasons for deflagration induction were mainly analyzed.The results show that the ratio of accumulation volume of pulverized coal to furnace volume,unit volume calorific value of pulverized coal and the temperature in furnace before deflagration are main factors that affect the deflagration.Fire extinction of furnace is the leading reason for deflagration.The deflagration problems(deflagration problems in stages of design,ignition,operation,shutdown)of pulverized coal industrial boilers can be effectively solved through intensified safety check before ignition,timely cleaning on the sedimentary pulverized coal in the coal sending pipes,setting flame check and negative pressure interlock protection,reasonable control on water level of water seal scraper,emphatic shutdown maintenance and other measures.Thus,the safe,economic and stable operation of furnace can be ensured.

关 键 词：煤粉工业锅炉 爆燃机理 防爆措施 爆燃条件 炉膛灭火 炉内积粉 炉膛容积 

分 类 号：TK229.63[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]