芦苇秸秆纤维改性及与聚乳酸的共混  

Application of Modified Reed Straw in Polylactic Acid Composite Materials

作　　者：刘旭冉 王洪坤 吴敏[2] 黄勇[2] Xuran Liu;Hongkun Wang;Min Wu;Yong Huang(College of Material Engineering,North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering,Langfang 065000,Chian;Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]北华航天工业学院材料工程学院,河北廊坊065000 [2]中国科学院理化技术研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2021年第1期43-50,共8页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

摘　　要：秸秆天然纤维作为填料或增强材料可应用于复合材料领域,但由于其存在大量的亲水基团,与非极性聚合物材料界面相容性差影响着复合材料的性能,因此对植物纤维的化学改性成为改善界面结合的有效手段。文中采用固相力化学法制备马来酸酐酯化改性芦苇秸秆(MA-RS),扫描电镜(SEM)观察到马来酸酐结合外力的作用下秸秆发生解纤,纤维具有较高长径比;同时红外光谱及X射线光电子能谱测试表明,纤维表面马来酸酐基团的取代度随处理时间的延长而逐渐增大。改性秸秆与聚乳酸共混制备得到复合材料,由于马来酸酐的接枝改变秸秆纤维表面性质,提高了秸秆纤维与聚乳酸之间的相容性和界面结合力。力学测试结果表明,拉伸强度提高约16%,冲击强度提高约30%;SEM观察断面形貌表面,改性秸秆比未改性秸秆与PLA基体具有更好的界面相容性。Straw natural fibers can be used as filler or reinforcing material in the field of composite material,but its disadvantages of large number of hydrophilic groups,poor interface compatibility with non-polar polymer materials affects the performance of composite materials,so the chemical modification of plant fiber becomes an effective mean to improve the interface bonding.In this paper,a solid-phase mechanochemical method was used to prepare maleic anhydride esterified modified reed straw(MA-RS).Results of SEM show that the straw is defibrated under the action of maleic anhydride combined with external force,and the fibers have high aspect ratio.FT-IR and XPS tests show that the degree of substitution of maleic anhydride groups on the fiber surface gradually increases with the increase of processing time.The composite materials were prepared by blending modified straw and polylactic acid.Due to the grafting of maleic anhydride,the surface properties of the straw fibers are changed,and the compatibility and interfacial bonding force between the straw fibers and polylactic acid(PLA)are improved.The mechanical test results show that,the tensile strength is increased by about 16%,and the impact strength is increased by about 30%.The SEM observation shows that the modified straw has the better interface compatibility with the PLA matrix than the unmodified straw.

关 键 词：秸秆纤维 聚乳酸 酯化改性 马来酸酐 力化学法 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]