播种时间和播种深度对节节麦繁殖指标和种子性状的影响  

Effect of Planting Date and Depth on Propagation Index and Seed Traits of Aegilops tauschii Coss.

作　　者：于海燕 崔海兰[1] 陈景超[1] 李香菊[1] YU Hai-yan;CUI Hai-lan;CHEN Jing-chao;LI Xiang-ju(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《杂草学报》2020年第4期7-13,共7页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(编号:2016YFD0300701)。

摘　　要：为明确播种时间和播种深度对节节麦繁殖指标和种子性状的影响,对不同播种时间和播种深度下节节麦的分蘖数、穗数、每穗小穗数、每小穗籽粒数以及小穗和籽粒性状(长、宽、宽长比、周长和千粒重)进行测定。结果表明,播期对节节麦单株分蘖数、穗数以及每穗小穗数有显著影响,而对每小穗籽粒数无明显影响;随播期的延迟单株分蘖数和穗数呈下降的趋势,而每穗小穗数呈相反趋势。当播种时间为9月30日时,节节麦产种量最大,单株约产生1173粒种子。此外,播期显著影响了小穗性状,而对籽粒性状的影响相对较小,仅对籽粒宽和千粒重有明显影响。与其他播期相比,节节麦于10月15日播种时,其产生的小穗和籽粒体积较大,重量较高。播种深度对节节麦单株分蘖数和有效穗数有显著影响,而对每穗小穗数和每小穗籽粒数无显著影响。当播种深度大于3 cm时,单株分蘖数和有效穗数随播种深度的增大而减少。当节节麦播种深度为3 cm时,其单株产种量最大。播种深度对小穗性状(除小穗宽长比外)有显著影响,而对籽粒性状无明显影响;当播种深度为5、7 cm时,其产生的小穗体积较大,重量较高。研究结果表明,节节麦播种较早,当播种深度为3 cm左右时,其单株繁殖系数较高。The effects of planting date and depth on the propagation index and seed traits of Aegilops tauschii Coss.,were determined by assessing the tiller number per plant,spike number per plant,spikelet number per spike,grain number per spikelet,together with spikelet and grain traits(length,width,width and length ratio,perimeter and thousand seed weight).Delaying planting date gradually but significantly decreased tiller and spike number per plant and increased the spikelet number per spike,while there was no effect on the grain number per spikelet.A.tauschii produced the greatest number of seeds(about 11700)per plant when planted on 30th September.Sowing date significantly affected spikelet traits and,marginally,seed traits,with only significant effects on seed width and thousand grain weight.Compared to other planting dates,the spikelets and grains were much bigger and heavier when A.tauschii was sown on 15th October.Planting deeper than 3 cm significantly decreased tiller and spike number per plant,however,there was no significant effect on the spikelet number per spike and the grain number per spikelet.The maximum seed yield per plant was observed at a sowing depth of 3 cm.There was an obvious effect of planting depth on spikelet traits except for width and length ratio,yet there was no significant effect on grain traits.When the planting depth ranged from 5 cm to 7 cm,spikelets were bigger and heavier than at other planting depths.Therefore,the propagation coefficient of A.tauschii was higher when it was planted earlier or at the depth of approximately 3 cm.

关 键 词：节节麦 播种时间 播种深度 繁殖指标 小穗性状 籽粒性状 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]