3个茶用菊花品种应对碱胁迫的生理响应及耐碱性评价  

Physiological responses and alkali tolerance evaluation of three tea chrysanthemum varieties to alkali stress

作　　者：杨欢[1] 李锦馨[1] 姚爱彬 王晨轩 YANG Huan;LI Jin-xin;YAO Ai-bin;WANG Chen-xuan(College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Jiahe Huayu Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Shizuishan,Ningxia 753000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏嘉禾花语生态农业有限公司,宁夏石嘴山753000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第12期2993-3003,共11页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划项目(2019BBF02029)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究碱胁迫对不同茶用菊花品种花芽分化期生长和生理生化指标的影响,并确定菊花耐碱评价和筛选的主要指标,为菊花抗碱新品种选育和鉴定提供科学依据。【方法】用添加不同浓度(0、20、40、60 mmol/L)Na2CO3溶液的Hoagland营养液对3个菊花品种进行碱胁迫处理,测定不同处理条件下夏妆、祁黄菊和雪映霞光3个茶用菊花新品种的生长指标及生理生化指标,比较分析品种间及品种内不同胁迫浓度处理随胁迫周期的变化规律,以确定菊花品种的耐碱性强弱。【结果】随着碱胁迫时间的延长,3个菊花品种叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性糖(SS)含量均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率(RE)则呈现逐渐增加的变化趋势;而叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)及叶片相对含水量(WC)呈逐渐降低的变化趋势。运用主成分分析,碱胁迫下第1、第2主成分累计贡献率达92.853%,提炼出SOD活性、POD活性、SS含量和Pro含量4个生理指标作为耐碱评价的关键指标。综合公因子载荷矩阵耐碱性评价和隶属函数值耐碱性评价分析得出,3个菊花品种耐碱性为雪映霞光>祁黄菊>夏妆。【结论】在碱胁迫下,3个菊花品种能在一定程度上维持细胞代谢平衡及体内化学物质的合成积累平衡,并进行活性氧的清除,以缓解并适应碱胁迫对其的伤害。但菊花的这种自卫能力有一定的局限性,当超过承受范围时,各品种菊花呈现不同程度碱害症状,雪映霞光更能迅速响应胁迫,其碱害症状明显小于祁黄菊和夏妆。【Objective】The effects of alkali stress on the growth and physiological and biochemical indexes of different tea chrysanthemum varieties during the flower bud differentiation period were explored,and the main indicators for evaluation and screening of chrysanthemum alkali resistance were determined to provide scientific basis for the selection and identification of new chrysanthemum alkali resistant varieties.【Method】Three chrysanthemum varieties were subjected to alkaline stress treatment with Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with different concentrations(0,20,40,60 mmol/L)of Na2CO3 solution,and the three varieties of Xiazhuang,Qihuangju,and Xueyingxiaguang were tested under different treatment conditions.The growth indicators and physiological and biochemical indicators of the three chrysanthemum varieties were detected,compared and analyzed the variation regulations between varieties and within varieties in different stress concentration treatments with stress cycles to determine the alkali tolerance of chrysanthemum varieties.【Result】With the prolongation of alkaline stress,the superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activities,proline(Pro)and soluble sugar(SS)content first increased and then decreased.Malondialdehyde(MDA)and relative conductivity(RE)showed a gradual increase trend;while relative chlorophyll content(SPAD)and relative leaf water content(WC)showed gradual decreasing trend of change.Using principal component analysis,the cumulative contribution rate of the first and second principal components under alkali stress reached 92.853%,and four physiological indicators of SOD activity,POD activity,SS content,and Pro content were extracted as key indicators for alkali resistance evaluation.According to the evaluation of alkali resistance of common factor loading matrix and the evaluation of membership function value,it was concluded that the alkali resistance of the three chrysanthemum varieties was Xueyingxiaguang>Qihuangju>Xiazhuang.【Conclusion】Under alkali str

关 键 词：菊花 碱胁迫 生理生化指标 耐碱性评价 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]