南渡江农业土壤中农药分布特征与生态风险评估  

Distribution and Ecotoxicological Risk of Current-use Pesticides in Agricultural Soil from Nandu River Basin in Hainan

作　　者：谭华东 李勤奋[1,2,3] 张汇杰 武春媛 TAN Huadong;LI Qinfen;ZHANG Huijie;WU Chunyuan(Environment and Plant Protection Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China;Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Danzhou 571737,China;Hainan Engineering Research Center for Non-point Source and Heavy Metal Pollution Control,Danzhou 571737,China;School of Resources and Environment,Central China Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海口571101 [2]农业农村部儋州农业环境科学观测实验站,海南儋州571737 [3]海南省农业面源和重金属污染防治工程研究中心,海南儋州571737 [4]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2021年第1期181-189,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部农业国际交流合作项目子课题(BARTP-09-1–2020);海南省重大科技计划项目(ZDKJ2017002);中国热带作物学会青年托举人才项目(CSTC-QN201901);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630042019020);中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所项目结余经费自主选题专项(hzsjy2018003)。

摘　　要：为摸清稻菜轮作土壤中农药(CUPs)残留特征与生态风险,采集海南岛南渡江流域稻菜轮作系统168个土壤样品,利用Qu ECh ERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测土壤中25种CUPs残留水平,结合土壤因子与作物类型分析CUPs残留关键影响因素,以风险熵法评估其生态风险。结果表明,∑25 CUPs处于0.30μg·kg^(-1)—11.625 mg·kg^(-1)之间,吡虫啉、多菌灵检出率与质量分数最高;∑25CUPs呈现辣椒(Capsicumannuum L.)>大白菜(Brassicapekinensis L.)>豆角(Vigna unguiculata L.)>线瓜(Luffaacutangula L.)>水稻(Oryza sativa L.)>未种植趋势,CUPs残留种类与含量随作物类型显著不同。主成分分析显示,多菌灵、吡虫啉为主要杀菌剂与杀虫剂种类;冗余分析结果显示有机质、黑炭与其中多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵正相关,而土壤总氮、总磷、p H与CUPs残留量与种类相关性不高。从单一和联合风险熵(RQ)看,多菌灵、吡虫啉与甲基硫菌灵呈高生态风险,其高风险作物种类、采样期和区域为辣椒、7月及中游区域,而其他CUPs的RQ均小于1,无高生态风险。土壤中总CUPs、杀菌剂与杀虫剂的RQ均大于1,CUPs多残留生态风险不可忽略。研究结果可为今后稻菜轮作土壤农药污染监测与风险识别提供科学依据。A total of 168 soil samples were collected from tropical rice-vegetable rotation(Oryza sativa L.,Capsicum annuum L.,Vigna unguiculata L.,Luffa acutangula L.,Lycopersicon esculentum L.,Brassica pekinensis L.,Momordica charantia L.,and Benincasa hispida L.)in the Nandu River Basin(NRB,Hainan,China).The 25 current-use pesticides in the soil were extracted and purified by QuEChERS and then analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).The distribution of current-use pesticides(CUPs)and their key influencing factors were investigated in this study.Then,the ecotoxicological risk of 25 pesticides in soil was assessed based on the hazard quotient method.The results showed that the concentrations ofΣ25CUPs were 0.30μg·kg^(−1) to 11.625 mg·kg^(−1),and the carbendazim and imidacloprid were observed at the greatest concentrations.The concentrations ofΣ25CUPs in the NRB soils were in the following order of Capsicum annuum L.>Brassica pekinensis L.>Vigna unguiculata L.>Luffa acutangula L.>no planting.The concentrations and abundances of CUPs in different rice and vegetable soil samples differed significantly.These values were found to be closely related to pest types,mode of application,and amount of CUP administered.Redundancy analysis showed that soil organic matter and black carbon had a significant positive correlation,and other factors did not have strong correlations with the concentration or abundance of CUPs.The results of risk showed that carbendazim,imidacloprid,and thiophanate methyl had high ecotoxicological levels in Capsicum annuum L.,July,and part of the site in the midstream area of the NRB,but other individual CUPs did not show high risk.Notably,the total RQ ofΣ25CUPs,all fungicides,and all insecticides were higher than 1,indicating that the ecotoxicological risk of multiple CUPs must not be disregarded in the soil of the NRB.The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for monitoring and controlling pesticide pollution in rice-vegetable rotat

关 键 词：南渡江 农药 污染 生态风险 土壤 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4