从高质量半导体/超导体纳米线到马约拉纳零能模  

From high-quality semiconductor/superconductor nanowires to Majorana zero mode

作　　者：文炼均 潘东[1,2,3] 赵建华 Wen Lian-Jun;Pan Dong;Zhao Jian-Hua(State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures,Institute of Semiconductors,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100083,China;College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院半导体研究所,半导体超晶格国家重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国科学院大学材料科学与光电技术学院,北京100049 [3]北京量子信息科学研究院,北京100193 [4]中国科学院大学,中国科学院拓扑量子计算卓越创新中心,北京100049

出　　处：《物理学报》2021年第5期1-11,共11页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(B类)(批准号:XDB28000000);国家自然科学基金(批准号:61974138);北京市自然科学基金(批准号:1192017);中国科学院青年创新促进会(批准号:2017156)资助的课题.

摘　　要：作为马约拉纳费米子的“凝聚态版本”,马约拉纳零能模是当前凝聚态物理领域的研究热点.马约拉纳零能模满足非阿贝尔统计,可以构建受拓扑保护的量子比特.这种由空间上分离的马约拉纳零能模构建的拓扑量子比特不易受局域噪声的干扰,具有长的退相干时间,在容错量子计算中具有重要的应用前景.半导体/超导体纳米线是研究马约拉纳零能模和拓扑量子计算的理想实验平台.本文综述了高质量半导体纳米线外延生长、半导体/超导体异质结制备以及相应的马约拉纳零能模研究方面的进展,并对半导体/超导体纳米线在量子计算中的应用前景进行了展望.As the version of Majorana fermions in condensed matter physics,the research of Majorana zero modes is one of the most interesting topics in physics currently.Majorana zero modes obey the non-Abelian statistics and can be used for constructing the topologically protected qubits.This kind of qubit constructed from spatially separated Majorana zero modes is immune to local noise,and has a long decoherence time,which makes it show important application prospects in fault-tolerant quantum computation.The semiconductor/superconductor nanowires are one of the most ideal experimental platforms for studying Majorana zero modes and topological quantum computation.This work reviews the research progress of the epitaxial growth of high-quality semiconductor nanowires,the fabrication of semiconductor/superconductor heterostructure nanowires,and Majorana zero modes in semiconductor/superconductor nanowires.The application prospects of semiconductor/superconductor nanowires in quantum computation is also prospected finally.

关 键 词：半导体/超导体纳米线 马约拉纳零能模 非阿贝尔统计 量子计算 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理] TP38[理学—物理]