浅海涌浪对表面声道声传播的影响  

Effects of swells on sound propagation in surface duct environment in shallow water

作　　者：刘今 彭朝晖[1] 张灵珊 刘若芸 李整林[1] Liu Jin;Peng Zhao-Hui;Zhang Ling-Shan;Liu Ruo-Yun;Li Zheng-Lin(State Key Laboratory of Acoustics,Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Physical Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院声学研究所,声场声信息国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学物理科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《物理学报》2021年第5期189-198,共10页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:11674349,11974017,11874061)资助的课题.

摘　　要：受海面强风和海-气相互作用影响,表面声道普遍存在于冬季海洋环境中,是一种天然有利于声传播的波导.但是海面波浪使得海表形成粗糙界面,会严重破坏这种优良性能.本文利用南海北部海区的一次冬季声传播实验数据,研究表面声道声传播特性.研究表明,海底底质对表面声道内声传播的影响较弱,当海面风较小时,涌浪造成的影响为主要原因.实验数据显示,考虑涌浪后的粗糙海面给70km远处带来了10dB的传播损失增长.因此在考察南海北部海区冬季声场特性时,不仅要考虑海面风浪的影响,更需要考虑周围海域传来的涌浪的影响.研究涌浪存在时的声传播特性对提升声纳设备在海况较差时的使用性能具有重要意义.Surface duct is a common duct due to strong sea winds and sea-atmosphere interactions in winter and it is an excellent waveguide in which energy may propagate a long distance. However, the rough interface formed by sea surface waves will seriously damage this excellent performance. In this study, the experimental data of sound propagation over the continental slope in the South China Sea are used to analyze the characteristics of sound propagation in a surface duct. Modeling analyses based on the parabolic equation model RAM and ray trace theory BELLHOP are used to examine these characteristics. The parameters of sea bottom, source depth,wind-driven sea surface, and swell-containing sea surface are taken into consideration in the model. The results show that when the source is located in the surface duct, the parameters of the sea bottom have little influence on sound propagation, while the change of source depth exerts some effects on the sound propagation. By combining the Pierson Moscowitz(PM) spectrum with Monte Carlo method, the rough sea surface is investigated. Since the PM spectrum is related only to wind speed, the wind-driven sea surface is generated by using the actual wind speed measured by the shipborne anemometer. The swell-containing sea surface is defined as a superposition of a sinusoidal pressure-release surface and the wind-driven sea surface. By comparing the effects of two sea surfaces on sound propagation, it is found that when the wind speed is small, swells play an important role in the surface-duct propagation. Experimental data show that for the acoustic signal with a center frequency of 1000 Hz, the swell-containing sea surface brings around 10 dB loss to a distance of 70 km.For the two kinds of rough sea surfaces, rays at launch angles of ±1°, 0° are plotted to examine their effects on sound propagation. The results indicate that the swell-containing sea surface which has greater roughness makes rays go toward the sea bottom, thus resulting in larger loss. Therefore, in order to inv

关 键 词：涌浪 粗糙海面 表面声道 声传播 

分 类 号：P733.2[天文地球—物理海洋学]