用于北斗三号卫星导航系统的星载铷原子钟特性  

Characteristics of the space-borne rubidium atomic clocks for the BeiDou Ⅲ navigation satellite system

作　　者：梅刚华 赵峰[1,2] 祁峰 钟达[1,2] 安绍锋 王鹏飞 明刚[1,2] 王芳 邱紫敬 康松柏[1,2] 王勤 吴汉华 阎世栋[1,2] 侯林山 王晨 王莉[1,2] MEI GangHua;ZHAO Feng;QI Feng;ZHONG Da;AN ShaoFeng;WANG PengFei;MING Gang;WANG Fang;QIU ZiJing;KANG SongBai;WANG Qin;WU HanHua;YAN ShiDong;HOU LinShan;WANG Chen;WANG Li(Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,WuHan 430071,China;Key Laboratory of Atomic Frequency Standards,Chinese Academy of Sciences,WuHan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院,武汉430071 [2]中国科学院原子频标重点实验室,武汉430071

出　　处：《中国科学：物理学、力学、天文学》2021年第1期114-120,共7页Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica & Astronomica

摘　　要：本文介绍用于北斗三号卫星导航系统的星载铷原子钟主要设计特点和性能指标.铷原子钟频率稳定度主要取决于原子跃迁信号信噪比、电路噪声和原子体系的物理环境效应.为提高原子信号信噪比,物理系统采用了微波场方向因子高于0.9的开槽管微波腔和Xe气启辉的铷光谱灯,并采用了光学滤光和同位素滤光双重滤光方案.电路系统采用了低相噪微波链路,交互调制噪声对铷原子钟稳定度的影响被控制在4.9×10^(-13)/τ^(1/2)水平.通过工作参数优化,将物理环境效应对天频率稳定度的影响降低到3×10^(-15)以下.研制了高精度和甚高精度两型号星载铷原子钟.高精度铷原子钟典型指标为短稳1.5×10^(-12)/τ^(1/2),万秒稳1.3×10^(−14),天稳9.4×10^(-15);甚高精度铷原子钟典型指标为短稳6.1×10^(-13)/τ^(1/2),万秒稳7.1×10^(-15),天稳3.9×10^(-15).本文还分析了铷原子钟最新研究进展,预期铷原子钟的性能还可以进一步提升.In this paper,we describe the characteristics and performance of space-borne rubidium atomic clocks for the BeiDou Ⅲ navigation satellite system.The frequency stability of a rubidium atomic clock depends mainly on the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the rubidium atomic transition signal,the noise of the interrogating microwave,and the physics environmental effects of the atomic system.To enhance the SNR,in the design of the physics package,we use a slottedtube microwave cavity with a field-orientation factor higher than 0.9 and a rubidium spectral lamp with Xe as the starter gas.The light emitted from the lamp is filtered through both optical and isotope filters.We employ a low-phase-noise microwave chain,and the influence of the noise of the interrogating microwave is controlled to within 4.9×10^(-13)/τ^(1/2).By optimizing the operating parameters,the influence of the physics environmental effects on the long-term frequency stability is reduced to a level below 3×10^(-15).Two versions of the space-borne rubidium clock were produced.Version 1 has a typical performance of 1.5×10^(-12)/τ^(1/2) for short-term stability,and 1.3×10^(−14) and 9.4×10^(-15) for 104 s and one day stabilities.For version 2,the typical frequency stabilities are 6.1×10^(-13)/τ^(1/2) for short-term,7.1×10^(-15) for 104 s and 3.9×10^(-15) for one day.Based on the current progress,we anticipate that the performance of the rubidium clocks can be further improved.

关 键 词：北斗卫星导航系统 星载铷原子钟 抽运光源 开槽管微波腔 微波链 频率稳定度 

分 类 号：TN967.1[电子电信—信号与信息处理]