模拟柴油污染对土壤动物群落结构的影响  

Effects of simulated diesel contamination on soil fauna community

作　　者：肖玖金[1,2] 杨礼通 杨智富 冯秋红 陈良华[1,2] 胡宗达 XIAO Jiujin;YANG Litong;YANG Zhifu;FENG Qiuhong;CHEN Lianghua;HU Zongda(Key Laboratory of Forest and Wetland Ecological Restoration in Sichuan Province,College of Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 610081,China;Institute of Ecology and Forestry,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;State-Owned Forest Farm of Pengzhou,Chengdu 611930,China;College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院,森林和湿地生态恢复与保育四川省重点实验室,成都610081 [2]四川农业大学生态林业研究所,成都611130 [3]彭州市国有林场,成都611930 [4]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2021年第1期89-97,共9页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：森林和湿地生态恢复与保育四川省重点实验室开放课题(2019KFKT02);四川省科技计划(2019YJ0427,2019YJ0416);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(31400457);四川省景观与游憩研究中心资助项目(JGYQ2018032)。

摘　　要：为研究柴油污染对土壤动物群落结构的影响,共设置5个模拟柴油污染梯度,采用手捡和干湿漏斗分离法对土壤动物群落进行调查。结果表明:试验共捕获土壤动物21135只,隶属于3门9纲20目54个类群,以线虫纲和蜘蛛目为优势类群,分别占总捕获量的54.88%和14.82%,其中,线虫纲最高占比达70.94%(7月的240 g/m^(2)柴油污染量处理组),最低为36.15%(8月的对照组,柴油污染量为0 g/m^(2))。与同期对照相比,柴油污染降低了土壤动物的多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数,这些指数在同一时间下随污染量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势。柴油污染增加了土壤动物平均密度和类群数的月动态变化幅度,且各月土壤动物密度随柴油污染量的增加而下降;同时,柴油污染改变了土壤动物群落垂直分布规律,破坏了土壤动物个体数的“表聚性”分布特征,部分样地土壤动物数量甚至出现“逆层分布”现象,但随着污染时间的推移,表层土壤动物群落逐渐得到恢复。而土壤动物类群在土层中的分布规律受影响较小,表明柴油污染对土壤动物个体数的影响更大。Soil fauna is an important component of soil ecosystem,which plays a significant role in the decomposition of biological remains,soil properties and the enhancement of material recycling and energy conversion in soils.This study aimed to find the changes of soil fauna community with different diesel concentration levels,and to investigate the response of soil fauna community to diesel contamination.Five different diesel contamination levels were conducted in the filed which was located in Chengdu,Sichuan Province.Soil macro-fauna were picked up by hand and investigated by dry-wet funnel method.A total of 21135 individuals of soil fauna,belonging to three phyla,nine classes,20 orders and 54 groups,were collected.Nematoda and Araneae were the dominant groups,which counting for 54.88%and 14.82%,respectively,of the total.The highest percentage of nematoda was found in the treatment with 240 g/m^(2)diesel in July,which counted for 70.94%,and the lowest was found in the control treatment(CK,0 g/m^(2)diesel)in August,which counted for 36.15%.Compared with the CK,diesel contamination decreased Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index and Margalef index,which showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the diesel contamination level increasing in the same month.The monthly dynamic variation ranges of density and group number of soil fauna increased because of diesel contamination,and the soil fauna density decreased with the diesel contamination level increasing in each month.The vertical distribution rule of soil fauna was changed by diesel contamination,and the characteristics of gathering on soil surface were destroyed,even the inverse distribution was found in some plots.Meanwhile,the soil fauna community recovered with the time passing by.Compared with soil fauna groups,soil fauna density was easier affected by the diesel contamination levels.

关 键 词：模拟柴油污染 土壤动物群落 月变化 土壤生态系统 

分 类 号：X833[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]