重质油中杂原子相转移脱除研究进展  

Progress of Phase Transfer Removal of Heteroatoms From Heavy Crude Oil

作　　者：杜恒星 曹丽霞[2] 李蕾[2] 朱书全[1] 李望良[2] DU Hengxing;CAO Lixia;LI Lei;ZHU Shuquan;LI Wangliang(School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所绿色过程与工程重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2021年第2期458-468,共11页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0308002);重质油国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(SKLOP201903001);贵州省科技支撑计划项目([2019]2839)资助。

摘　　要：重质油是非常优质的加氢原料,但是重质油中含有大量的硫、氯、钙等杂原子化合物,在加工过程中会造成催化剂失活、堵塞反应器和设备腐蚀等问题。相转移催化法是一种有效脱除非均相中杂原子的方法,具有操作简便、加快反应速率等特点。综述了相转移脱除重质油中杂原子技术的研究进展,对比了常用相转移催化剂的优、缺点。从化学反应和溶解性等角度,阐述了有机氯化物、有机硫化物、有机钙化物的相转移脱除机理,并分析了相转移催化剂催化活性的影响因素。研究表明,空间位阻小、分子结构对称性好的相转移催化剂具有较高的催化活性,烷基链较长、含有较多羧基、酯基等官能团的相转移催化剂催化性能较好。最后对相转移技术的发展趋势进行了展望,研发性价比高、稳定性好、无二次污染的新型相转移催化剂是未来发展的主要方向。Heavy crude oil is a very high-quality hydrogenation feedstock.However,the crude oil often contains high amounts of heteroatomic compounds such as sulfur,chlorine and calcium,etc,resulting in catalyst deactivation,reactor blockage and equipment corrosion during the refinery process.Phase transfer catalysis is an effective method to remove heteroatoms from heterogeneous phase with characteristics of easy operation and speed of reaction.Here,the progress of phase transfer catalytic removal of heteroatoms has been reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used phase transfer catalyst(PTC)are compared.Based on chemical reactions and solubility of the PTC,the phase transfer mechanisms of organic chlorides,organic sulfides and organic calcification are summarized.Moreover,influential factors of PTC to the catalytic activity are discussed.The revious studies show that the PTC with small steric hindrance and good molecular structure symmetry has high catalytic activity,and the PTC with longer alkyl chain,more carboxyl group and ester group has better catalytic performance.The development trend of phase transfer technology is also prospected,and developing novel PTC with high quality,cost-effective,good stability and no secondary pollution would be the main direction.

关 键 词：相转移 有机氯化物 有机硫化物 有机钙化物 杂原子 

分 类 号：TQ9[化学工程]