扬子地块西南部关键金属元素成矿作用  

Metallogeny of critical metals in the Southwestern Yangtze Block

作　　者：胡瑞忠[1,2] 温汉捷 叶霖[1] 陈伟 夏勇[1] 樊海峰 黄勇[1] 朱经经[1] 付山岭[1] Ruizhong Hu;Hanjie Wen;Lin Ye;Wei Terry Chen;Yong Xia;Haifeng Fan;Yong Huang;Jingjing Zhu;Shanling Fu(State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所,矿床地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第33期3700-3714,共15页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41830432,U1812402)资助。

摘　　要：在自元古代以来的长期地质演化过程中,扬子地块西南部形成了多样化的富含In、Ge、Ga、Cd、Re、Sn、Li、Nb、REE(rare earth element)和PGE(platinum group elements)等不同种类关键金属元素的矿床类型.通过总结以往的研究,本文认为该区除晚二叠世与峨眉山地幔柱活动有关的Cu-Ni-PGE岩浆硫化物矿床和新生代与印-亚大陆后碰撞造山作用有关的碳酸岩型REE矿床外,富含关键金属元素矿床的成矿作用主要显示四大特点:(1)古-中元古代发育我国首个被确认的富稀土IOCG成矿省;(2)燕山晚期与花岗岩有关的富In锡石硫化物矿床在面积很小的区域大爆发成矿;(3)印支期和燕山早期花岗岩浆活动微弱,富Ge低温Pb-Zn矿床和低温Au-As-Sb-Hg-Tl矿床广泛发育;(4)埃迪卡拉纪以来的海相沉积岩尤其是黑色页岩和碳酸盐岩广布,多时代富Li、Nb、Zr、Ga、Re、REE、PGE等的沉积和/或风化-沉积矿床大面积分布.在此基础上,进一步总结了区域地质事件与成矿事件的相互关系,提出了一些重要成矿系统值得进一步探索的领域.The Yangtze Block is one of the major geological units in China. Numerous and diverse mineralization are extensively distributed in this block, making the Yangtze Block be one of the well-known providers of mineral-resources worldwide. In the southwestern Yangtze Block, since Proterozoic, the diverse mineralization involves magmatic, magmatic-hydrothermal,low-temperature hydrothermal and weathering-sedimentary processes were extensively developed, of which critical metal mineralization(e.g., In, Ge, Ga, Cd, Re, W, Sn, Li, Nb, REE, and PGE) is generally present as by-products in some basic or precious deposits or as independent deposits. Previous studies have revealed ten types of critical metal mineralization in the region, specifically including the REE-rich phosphorite, PGE-Re-rich black shales, carbonate clay-type Li-Ga-REE, basalt weathering-type Nb-Ga-Zr-REE, In-rich cassiterite sulfide, REE-rich IOCG, Tl-rich low-temperature hydrothermal, Gerich Pb-Zn, Cu-Ni-PGE sulfides and carbonatite-related REE deposits. In the past decade, numerous studies have advanced our understanding of the mineralization styles, timing and ore genesis of these types of critical-metal mineralization, and are summarized in this paper. It was indicated that the Cu-Ni-PGE sulfide deposits are genetically related to the late Permian E’meishan mantle plume, whereas the carbonatite-related REE deposits are Cenozoic in age and have formed during postcollision between the Indian and Asian continents. Moreover, the REE-rich IOCG deposits were newly identified,constituting a Proterozoic IOCG metallogenic province that was first documented in China, and enrichments of REEs were suggested to be related to the chemical attributes of the late Cu mineralizing fluids;the In-rich sulfide deposits, distributed in a small area of the SW Yangtze Block, were suggested to be genetically related to late Yanshanian granites;the lowtemperature hydrothermal mineralization, characterized mainly by the Pb-Zn and Au-As-Sb-Hg-Tl deposits that define one of th

关 键 词：扬子地块 关键金属 矿床类型 成矿作用 

分 类 号：P618.2[天文地球—矿床学]