中国钨锡矿床时空分布规律、地质特征与成矿机制研究进展  

Spatiotemporal distribution, geological characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of tungsten and tin deposits in China:An overview

作　　者：蒋少涌[1] 赵葵东[1] 姜海 苏慧敏 熊索菲[1] 熊伊曲 徐耀明 章伟 朱律运 Shaoyong Jiang;Kuidong Zhao;Hai Jiang;Huimin Su;Suofei Xiong;Yiqu Xiong;Yaoming Xu;Wei Zhang;Lüyun Zhu(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,School of Earth Resources and Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploration of Strategic Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,中国地质大学资源学院,紧缺矿产资源勘查协同创新中心,武汉430074

出　　处：《科学通报》2020年第33期3730-3745,共16页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0602405);国家自然科学基金重大计划(91755208);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(CUGCJ1711);地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室科技部专项(MSFGPMR03-2)资助。

摘　　要：当前西方各国纷纷制定关键矿产保障供应安全战略,钨锡作为重要的战略性关键矿产,是我国传统的优势矿产资源,但近年来找矿形势不容乐观.本文通过收集整理我国钨锡矿床己有数据和文献资料,对我国钨锡矿床的时空分布及地质成矿规律进行系统归纳总结,指出燕山期是我国钨锡成矿最重要的时期,我国原生钨锡矿床有5种主要类型:斑岩型(W+Sn)、云英岩型(W+Sn)、矽卡岩型(W+Sn)、石英脉型(W为主)和锡石硫化物型(Sn);3种次要类型:蚀变花岗岩型(Sn+W)、热液角砾岩型(W)和低温热液脉型(W).钨锡成岩成矿过程中,壳幔相互作用十分重要;复式岩体与钨锡矿床的产出关系也十分密切;含钨锡花岗岩的高度分异演化对成矿至关重要.岩浆热液演化过程中温度降低、流体不混溶作用及流体沸腾、多端元-多组分-多来源流体混合和水岩反应是钨锡矿石沉淀的重要机制.Tungsten and tin are important strategic and critical mineral resources, as well as one of China’s most abundant mineral resources. Their distribution is mainly concentrated in the South China block, followed by the Kunlun-Qilian-QinlingDabie orogenic belt, the Tianshan-Xingmeng orogenic belt, and the Tibet-Sanjiang orogenic belt. The tungsten and tin resources in South China are mainly concentrated in the Nanling tungsten-tin metallogenic belt, the northern Jiangxisouthern Anhui tungsten metallogenic belt, the Youjiang-Guibei tin metallogenic belt, and the southeast coastal tungstentin metallogenic belt. The formation of tungsten and tin deposits in China spans a large period of time, from Proterozoic to Cenozoic, but the Mesozoic Yanshanian mineralization is the most important.There are five main types of primary tungsten-tin deposits in China, namely, porphyry, greisen, skarn, quartz vein, and cassiterite-sulfide. In addition, there are also other types such as altered granite, hydrothermal breccia, and low-temperature hydrothermal vein. Many tungsten-tin deposits are often not of a single genetic type, and multiple mineralization types commonly co-exist in a deposit.Most of the granitoids associated with tungsten mineralization are thought to be S-type granite derived from partial melting of continental crustal materials, while the granitoids associated with tin deposits include I-type and A-type in addition to the S-type granite. Crust-mantle interaction plays an important role in generation of the Sn-bearing granites. NdHf isotope studies show that beside the Sn-bearing granites, some W-bearing granites also have mantle-derived contributions. Whether it is W-bearing or Sn-bearing granite, a highly evolved feature is often more favorable for mineralization. The composite granitoids in South China are closely related to multiple tungsten-tin mineralization. Many tungsten and tin deposits in China are often co-produced with mineralization of other rare metals. According to the combination of ore elements, th

关 键 词：钨矿 锡矿 时空分布 矿床类型 成矿机制 

分 类 号：P618.44[天文地球—矿床学] P618.67[天文地球—地质学]