哈尔滨春季一次罕见重度霾天气成因分析  

Causes of a Rare Heavy Haze Event in Spring in Harbin

作　　者：李树岭 赵玲[2] 花丛 张鑫 姜兵 徐盛荣 景学义 LI Shuling;ZHAO Ling;HUA Cong;ZHANG Xin;JIANG Bing;XU Shengrong;JING Xueyi(Harbin Meteorological Observatory,Harbin 150028,China;Heilongjiang Meteorological Observatory,Harbin 150030,China;National Meteorological Centre,Beijing 100081,China;Harbin Environmental Monitoring Center Station,Harbin 150076,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市气象台,黑龙江哈尔滨150028 [2]黑龙江省气象台,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]国家气象中心,北京100081 [4]哈尔滨市环境监测中心站,黑龙江哈尔滨150076

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2020年第6期39-45,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：黑龙江省科技计划省院科技合作项目(YS17C20);黑龙江省气象院士工作站基金项目(YSMS201702);哈尔滨市科技攻关计划项目(2016AB4CS026)。

摘　　要：利用气象、环境、卫星遥感监测等资料,从环流形势、气象要素、污染物和污染传输特征等方面对哈尔滨2018年4月4日夜间至5日白天罕见重度霾天气成因进行分析。结果表明,此次重度霾天气首要污染物为PM2.5,污染最重时PM2.5浓度高达507μg/m^(3),秸秆焚烧是污染物的主要来源,既有本地源又有外地源,利用HYSPLIT模型模拟出这次重度霾天气污染传输特征。重度霾时段,近地面风速小,为1.5 m/s左右,最小为0.1 m/s,风向呈弱气旋性辐合、湿度增大有利于形成霾。低层存在较强的贴地逆温,逆温层顶高度约为100 m,逆温强度约为1.5℃/100 m,不利于污染物在垂直方向上扩散。地面均压场和高空弱高压脊、暖锋锋区和暖平流为这次重度霾天气提供了有利的大气环流背景条件。Using meteorological observation,environmental data,and satellite fire remote sensing monitoring data,according to the atmospheric circulation,meteorological elements,pollutants and pollution transportation,this study analyzed the formation mechanism of the rare heavy haze in Harbin from the night on April 4 th to the daytime on April 5 th in 2018. The results indicate that:the primary pollutant during this heavy pollution process is fine PM2.5 particles,and the maximum concentration of PM2.5 is up to 507 μg/m^(3). Straw burning is the main source of pollutants,both local and foreign sources. The HYSPLIT model used here illustrated that the pollutants transportation process:the wind direction converges weakly and the humidity increases,which is conducive to haze formation. The surface layer wind speed is about 1.5 m/s,and the minimum is only 0.1 m/s. In the boundary layer,there is a strong ground inversion layer,with the thickness just over 100 meters and an inverse temperature intensity of about 1.5 ℃/100 m. Such large scale circulation patterns as the surface uniform pressure field,the weak high ridge at upper altitude,warm front zone,and warm temperature advection are favorable to the heavy haze event.

关 键 词：春季 重度霾 成因 秸秆焚烧 气象条件 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]