村庄组织化程度能抑制农地抛荒行为吗?  

Can the organizational degree of villages restrict farmers’ behavior of land abandonment?

作　　者：冯国强 李菁[1,2] 孙瑞[1] 陈志杰 张思远 任晓丽 FENG Guoqiang;LI Jing;SUN Rui;CHEN Zhijie;ZHANG Siyuan;REN Xiaoli(School of Economics,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China;Institute of County Economic Development,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou Gansu 730000,China;Center for Studies of Hong Kong,Macao and Pearl River Delta,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学经济学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州大学县域经济发展研究院/乡村振兴战略研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中山大学港澳珠三角研究中心,广东广州510275

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2021年第1期165-172,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“基于特色产业集群的西部地区就近城镇化发展模式与路径研究”(批准号:16CJY018);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“基于产业集群的甘肃省城镇化模式与路径研究”(批准号:17LZUJBWZY048)。

摘　　要：农地抛荒已经成为全球共同面对的治理难题,大量文献从经济增长路径、转型经济体经济运行特征的宏观维度以及农户决策情景的微观视角探讨农地抛荒的原因,却忽视村庄这一组织形态所起到的作用,以至于这类观点无法完全解释中国农地抛荒的变化趋势与特征。文章利用中山大学2017年发布的中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS 2017)数据库村庄层面的问卷调查数据,来揭示了当代中国村庄的组织化程度与农户抛荒行为之间的关联逻辑,从中把握中国农地抛荒演变的规律。实证结果表明:(1)村庄的组织化程度对抛荒有显著的抑制作用,村庄组织化程度每增加1%,农地抛荒的面积比重下降5.92%;(2)对于不同地形的村庄,村庄组织化程度的抑制作用存在异质性影响,对山区抛荒的抑制作用明显高于丘陵地带,对平原地区的抑制作用不显著;(3)组织化程度对抛荒行为的抑制作用在地区之间存在异质性影响,对中、西部地区农村有显著的抑制作用,对东部地区农地抛荒行为的抑制作用不明显;(4)进一步分析表明,村庄组织化程度对抛荒行为的影响,主要依赖于村庄正式组织强有力的约束,并且在提升农地流转效率上,村庄的组织化程度存在积极影响。本文的政策含义是,提高农地集约化利用的程度,有效推进农地流转和实现乡村振兴,前提是提升村庄的组织化程度,尤其是提高村庄正式组织在经济活动、生产活动、政治活动以及社会治理中的组织化程度,强化村庄正式组织自我运转的能力;在提升村庄组织化程度的过程中,必须根据村庄禀赋特征因地制宜,不能搞政策一刀切。Land abandonment has become a global governance problem.A large number of studies have discussed the macro or micro causes of land abandonment,such as the economic growth path and the transitional characteristics of China’s economy,but they have ignored the role of rural villages as an organizational form,so that such views cannot fully explain the trend and characteristics of land abandonment in China.Based on the CLDS 2017 survey database,this paper aims to reveals the logic of Chinese farmers’behavior of land abandonment.Our empirical results show that:①The organizational degree of villages has a significant inhibitory effect on the abandonment,and the proportion of land abandonment decreases by 5.92%for every 1%increase in the organizational degree of villages.②Such effect is heterogeneous for villages with different terrain:the effect in mountainous areas is significantly higher than that in hilly areas but not significant in plain areas.③The heterogeneous effect also appears among regions;the effect is more significant on land abandonment of central and western rural villages than on those in the eastern region.④Further analysis shows that the impact of the organizational degree on land abandonment mainly depends on the strong restraint of the formal organization of villages,and it can positively promote the land transfer efficiency.The policy implication of this paper is that the premise of the improvement of the intensive use of agricultural land and the promotion of the transfer efficiency of land lies in the improvement of the organizational degree of villages,especially formal organizational degree in economic activities,production activities,political activities and social governance,as well as adjusting policies according to the villages’endowment.

关 键 词：村庄 组织化程度 土地利用 抛荒 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]