降低人工饲养和饲料对水产养殖水体影响的措施  

Measures to reduce the impact of artificial feeding and feedon aquaculture water quality

作　　者：高叶玲 刘颖 褚海艳 薛志宏 温彩霞 耿宏伟 GAO Yeling;LIU Ying;CHU Haiyan;XUE Zhihong;WEN Caixia;GENG Hongwei(Ordos Vocational College of Eco-Environment,Ordos,Neimenggu 017010,China;Shuozhou Ceramic Institute of Technology,Shuozhou,Shanxi Province 038300,China)

机构地区：[1]鄂尔多斯生态环境职业学院,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017010 [2]朔州陶瓷职业技术学院,山西怀仁038300

出　　处：《中国饲料》2021年第4期12-15,共4页China Feed

摘　　要：养殖废水的排放会导致水体富营养化,破坏水体自然生态系统。控制养殖废水生成是必要的,以保持可持续的水产养殖发展。由于饲料是水产养殖的主要废弃物来源,水产养殖废弃物的管理应通过饲料配方或饲养策略来进行。高消化日粮是解决和降低固体废物排放的有效方案。通过选择饲料原料和饲料加工以提高营养有效性,可进一步减少固体废物。通过控制饲料采食,增加粪便浓度可以提高固体清除效率,降低废水中固体物质比例,改善农田水质。通过确保蛋白质和能量之间的平衡,使鱼类利用非蛋白资源,可以减少溶解氮的浪费。通过对原料的精心选择和适当处理可以减少磷的浪费,提高消化率。由于饲料废弃物是水产养殖废水排放的主要组成部分,应采取适当的饲料定量和阶段饲喂方法。The emission of waste from aquaculture operations can lead to eutrophication and destruction of natural ecosystem in receiving water.A controlled waste production strategy is necessary to maintain sustainable aquaculture growth into the future.Because feed is the main source of waste in aquaculture,the management of aquaculture waste should be carried out through feed formula or feeding strategy.A high digestible diet is an effective solution for solving and reducing solid waste emissions.Solid waste can be further reduced by selecting feed materials and processing feed to improve nutritional effectiveness.Increasing the fecal concentration by controlling feed intake can improve the efficiency of solid removal,which can reduce the proportion of solid substances in wastewater and improve the water quality of farmland.By ensuring a balance between protein and energy,fish use non-protein resources to reduce the waste of dissolved nitrogen.Through careful selection of raw materials and proper treatment,the waste of phosphorus can be reduced and the digestibility can be improved.Because feed waste is the main component of aquaculture wastewater discharge,appropriate feed ration and stage feeding method should be adopted.

关 键 词：人工饲养 饲料 水产养殖 水质 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]