塔利班运动与阿富汗毒品问题的关系探析  

An Analysis of the Relations between the Taliban Movement and the Drug Problem in Afghanistan

作　　者：申玉辉[1] Shen Yuhui

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所

出　　处：《中东研究》2020年第1期259-274,283,284,共18页Middle East Studies

基　　金：陕西省教育厅重点研究基地项目“大国关系中的阿富汗毒品问题”(项目编号:14JZ049);陕西省教育厅人文社科专项科研计划“阿富汗毒品问题及其解决前景研究”(项目编号:15JK1729)系列成果。

摘　　要：塔利班对毒品活动的立场与政策,与其所面临的国内外局势密切相关。在塔利班兴起之初,它遵守伊斯兰教义而采取禁毒立场,但遭遇普遍反对与抵制;在短暂执政时期,塔利班转而公开寻求毒品财政的支持,在毒品政策上实现了由禁毒到纵毒的转变;2001年阿富汗战争后,塔利班对毒品财政的依赖加深,它在涉毒人员、涉毒环节、与其他涉毒群体的关系上都发生了不小变化,尤其是塔利班与其他涉毒群体在毒品问题上的“和解”与合作,对阿富汗毒品形势及政治走向产生微妙影响。即便如此,也不应夸大毒品财政对塔利班的重要性,以及塔利班对阿富汗毒品经济的控制力。阿富汗未来政局的不确定性使毒品问题在短期内难以得到根本性解决。The Taliban s stance and policy on drug activities are closely related to the domestic and international situations it faces.At the beginning of its rise,the Taliban took a stand of anti-drug compliance with Islamic teachings,but met with widespread opposition and resistance.During the short-term administration,the Taliban openly turned to the support of the drug finance,and its drug policy has shifted from prohibition to connivance.After the Afghan war,the Taliban s dependence on the drug finances deepened.There have been a lot of changes in its drug personnel,drug-related links and the relationship with other drug-related groups.In particular,the Taliban and other drug-related groups have shown signs of“reconciliation”and cooperation on the drug problem,which will have a subtle influence on Afghanistan s drug situation and politics.Even so,the importance of the drug finance to the Taliban and its control over the Afghan drug economy cannot be overstated.The uncertainty of Afghanistan s future political situation makes the drug problem difficult to be resolved substantially in the short-term.

关 键 词：塔利班运动 毒品政策 毒品财政 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]