蛹期薜荔榕小蜂的琼脂培养  

Culturing of pupal Wiebesia pumilae(Hymenoptera:Agaonidae)on agar culture medium

作　　者：赵萌 吴文珊[1] 陈友铃[1] 吴婷婷 ZHAO Meng;WU Wen-Shan;CHEN You-Ling;WU Ting-Ting(Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology,College of Life Science,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学生命科学学院,福建省发育与神经生物学重点实验室,福州350117

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2021年第1期99-108,共10页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670431);福建省自然科学基金项目(2020J01179)。

摘　　要：【目的】薜荔Ficus pumila var.pumila瘦果具有极高的营养食用价值,其结实依赖薜荔榕小蜂Wiebesia pumilae传粉。本研究旨在探讨蛹期植食性寄生蜂室内培养的可能性。【方法】在不同温度(22,24,26,28,30和32℃)和光周期(0L∶24D,10L∶14D,12L∶12D,14L∶10D和24L∶0D)条件下在琼脂培养基上培养薜荔榕小蜂蛹,测定薜荔榕小蜂蛹期各阶段的发育形态和历期,雌成蜂寿命以及虫瘿含水量,并观察虫瘿形态发育过程。【结果】在22~28℃范围内,薜荔榕小蜂蛹的发育速率随温度升高而加快,羽化时间也随之提前,但羽化率没有显著差异。28℃琼脂培养条件下,薜荔榕小蜂蛹期发育历期最短,从预蛹发育至成虫的历期雌蜂为25.65 d,雄蜂为21.79 d,比同期自然条件下的雌、雄薜荔榕小蜂蛹期发育历期缩短了44.00 d;30℃下,少部分榕小蜂蛹能发育至熟蛹期;32℃下,榕小蜂预蛹滞育,推测30℃可能是该种榕小蜂蛹发育的耐热极端温度。不同光周期条件下,薜荔榕小蜂蛹期的发育速率及羽化率均无显著差异。在22~28℃范围内,温度越高,虫瘿含水量下降越快,培养时间越长,虫瘿含水量越低。28℃下琼脂培养的薜荔榕小蜂羽化时的虫瘿含水量(41.79%)极显著低于自然发育的个体(51.63%)。低含水量导致虫瘿壳非常坚硬,薜荔榕小蜂开掘出飞孔困难,这可能是琼脂培养条件下的薜荔榕小蜂羽化未能出飞的主要原因。【结论】本研究的琼脂培养方法为植食性寄生蜂蛹期发育的连续性观察,以及部分实验虫源的获取提供了可能。【Aim】The achene of Ficus pumila var.pumila has extremely high nutritional and edible values,and F.pumila depends on the pollination of Wiebesia pumilae so that it can bear fruit.This study aims to explore the possibility of laboratory culture of herbivorous parasitic wasps in pupal stage.【Methods】The W.pumilae pupae were cultured on agar culture medium at different temperatures(22,24,26,28,30 and 32℃)and photoperiods(0L∶24D,10L∶14D,12L∶12D,14L∶10D and 24L∶0D),the developmental morphology and duration of W.pumilae pupae at various stages,the female adult longevity and the water content of galls were determined,and the processes of morphological development of galls were observed.【Results】As the temperature increased within the range of 22-28℃,the developmental rate of W.pumilae pupae increased,the emergence time became earlier,but the emergence rate showed no significant difference.The developmental duration of W.pumilae pupae was the shortest at 28℃in agar culture,and the developmental duration from prepupa to adult were 25.65 d for female and 21.79 d for male,which was 44.00 d shorter than that of female and male fig wasps in the wild.A few W.pumilae pupae could develop to mature pupal stage at 30℃,and W.pumilae prepupae entered into diapause at 32℃,suggesting that 30℃may be the extreme temperature of heat tolerance for the development of W.pumilae pupae.There were no significant differences in the developmental rate and emergence rate of W.pumilae in the pupal stage under different photoperiods.The water content of galls decreased fast with the temperature increasing within the range of 22-28℃,the longer the culture time,the lower the water content of galls.When W.pumilae wasps cultured on agar culture medium emerged at 28℃,the water content of galls was 41.79%,which was significantly lower than that in the wild(51.63%).The gall shell was very hard due to the low water content,and it is difficult for W.pumilae wasps to dig out the hole for flying out,which may be the main r

关 键 词：薜荔榕小蜂 预蛹 发育历期 温度 光周期 寿命 虫瘿 含水量 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]