昆虫抗药性相关细胞色素P450基因的表达调控机制  

Molecular mechanisms of expression regulation of insect cytochrome P450 genes involved in insecticide resistance

作　　者：朱江[1,2] 邱星辉 ZHU Jiang;QIU Xing-Hui(State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2021年第1期109-120,共12页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31672371)。

摘　　要：杀虫剂的频繁持续使用,必然导致昆虫产生抗药性。大量研究事例表明参与杀虫剂解毒的细胞色素P450(简称P450)过量表达是昆虫对不同类型杀虫剂产生抗性的重要原因,但目前人们对P450基因过量表达机制的认识还非常有限。近十年来,随着生命科学与相关研究技术的发展,有关昆虫P450基因表达调控机制的研究取得了实质性的进展。本文综述了这一研究领域的重要发现。除了基因重复或基因扩增导致的P450基因拷贝数增加外,P450基因在转录层面的上调表达是P450介导抗药性的普遍且重要的机制。P450基因的转录上调由顺式调控元件与反式作用因子相互作用得以实现。现已发现了几种不同类型的转录因子(CncC,CREB和核受体等)对昆虫P450表达的直接调控,也鉴定了间接调控P450表达的作用因子如G蛋白偶联受体及其下游效应子。CncC:Maf/Keap1是抗药性相关P450基因表达的重要而普遍的调控途径。越来越多的事例表明小RNA在昆虫P450的表达调控中起重要作用。现有的研究结果揭示了昆虫P450基因调控因子和信号转导通路的多样性及调控机制的复杂性。The frequent and extensive use of insecticides leads to the evolution of insecticide resistance.It is well recognized that over-expression of cytochrome P450s involved in insecticide detoxification is one common and major mechanism of resistance to various classes of insecticides in insects.However,the molecular mechanisms for overexpression of insecticide resistance-related P450 genes in insects have not been well identified until now.In the recent decade,with the development of biological science and technology,many significant advances have been achieved in this direction.In this article,an overview of the current knowledge with respect to expression regulation of insect cytochrome P450 genes was provided.In addition to gene duplication and amplification,up-regulation of P450s at the transcriptional level can be ascribed to the interaction between the cis-regulatory elements and the trans-acting factors.Transcription factors such as CncC,CREB and AhR directly regulate the expression of P450s.The G-protein-coupled receptors and their downstream effectors play indirect roles in the transcriptional regulation of P450 genes.The universality of the role of CncC:Maf/Keap1 in the expression regulation of P450s is supported by studies on a variety of insect species.Increasing reports confirm the involvement of microRNAs in the regulation of P450 expression.Current findings reveal the diversity of regulatory factors and signal transduction pathways,and the complexity of underlying mechanisms in the regulation of P450 expression.

关 键 词：杀虫剂抗性 细胞色素P450 转录因子 调控通路 顺式调控元件 小RNA 

分 类 号：Q965.9[生物学—昆虫学]