覆膜集雨渗灌系统在半干旱区土壤水分监测中的应用  

Aplication of Irrigation System with Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Moisture Monitor in Semi-arid Area

作　　者：冯娜 张维江[1,2,3] 李娟 马芳[1] 姜瑞洋 李伟建[1] 黄艳 丁广 姜茂付 王旭东 Feng Na;Zhang Weijiang;Li Juan;Ma Fang;Jiang Ruiyang;Li Weijian;Huang Yan;Ding Guang;Jiang Maofu;Wang Xudong(School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Engineering Technique Research Center for Water Saving Irrigation and Water Resources in Ningxia,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Modern Agriculture in Arid Regions,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心,宁夏银川750021 [3]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2020年第6期187-192,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大(重点)项目“宁南山区生态恢复与水资源潜力开发研究与示范”(2018BEG02010)。

摘　　要：[目的]对半干旱区覆膜集雨渗灌系统下土壤水分空间分布状况及代表性样点的确定进行分析,为半干旱区果园水分管理提供了科学支撑。[方法]以宁夏回族自治区固原市原州区彭堡镇覆膜集雨渗灌系统下的4 a生红梅杏树为研究对象,在分析土壤水分分布特征和时间稳定性的基础上,利用数学统计方法确定出可以代表果树周围土壤剖面含水量的测点,构建各监测点土壤水含量与代表样点间的关系并进行检验,在保证一定精度的条件下减少监测点数量和成本。[结果]①土壤含水量的垂向和径向分布特征基本一致,水分含量随着土层深度和径距的增加先增大后减小;垂向土壤水分的变异系数由率先入渗点30 cm处往上逐渐减小,往下先增大后减小;径向土壤水分的变异系数离渗灌器越远越小;②通过时间稳定性选出湿润区的代表样点,再通过相关性分析和聚类分析代表样点所在垂向各测点之间的关系得出,其中3个监测点的土壤含水量可以代表整个0-60 cm深度剖面的含水量情况,并利用实测数据进行验证,其含水量误差在±5%。[结论]土壤含水量在各方向的分布特征基本一致,可以确定3个代表性监测点为整个0-60 cm深度剖面的代表性样点。[Objective]The spatial distribution of soil moisture and the determination of representative sample points under the infiltration irrigation system of plastic film mulching in semi-arid area was studied in order to provide scientific support for orchard water management in semi-arid area.[Methods]Taking the 4-year-old red plum apricot trees under the infiltration irrigation system of mulching rainwater in Pengbao Town,Yuanzhou District,Guyuan City,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as the research objects,based on the analysis of soil water distribution characteristics and time stability,the measuring points which could represent the soil profile moisture content around fruit trees were determined by mathematical statistics method,and the relationship between soil water content and representative sampling points were constructed in order to reduce the number and cost of monitoring points.[Results]①The vertical and radial distribution characteristics of soil moisture were basically the same,the water content first increased and then decreased with the increase of soil depth and diameter distance.The variation coefficient of vertical soil moisture gradually decreased from 30 cm of the first infiltration point to the top,then increased and then decreased.The farther the radial soil moisture was from the infiltration irrigation device,the smaller the variation coefficient was.②Through time stability,one sample was selected as the representative sample point in humid area.Trough the correlation and cluster analysis of the relationship between the vertical measurement points where the sample was located,it was concluded that the soil moisture content of the 3 representive monitoring points can represent the water content of the whole 0-60 cm depth profile.And verified by the measured data,the water content error was within±5%.[Conclusion]The distribution characteristics of soil water content in all directions are basically the same.The 3 monitoring points are representative samples of the whole 0-60 cm depth profile.

关 键 词：覆膜集雨渗灌 监测点 土壤含水量 空间预测 红梅杏 

分 类 号：P332.1[天文地球—水文科学] TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]