毛细上升现象的热力学解释  

Thermodynamics Explanation of Capillary Rise Phenomenon

作　　者：洪建和 HONG Jian-He(Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)材料与化学学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2021年第2期94-96,共3页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

基　　金：中国地质大学(武汉)本科教学工程项目(ZL201840)。

摘　　要：从热力学的角度讨论毛细上升平衡高度以及毛细上升现象中的能量转换与守恒。在毛细上升的始终态之间设计了可逆途径,计算了可逆毛细上升过程中系统的赫姆霍兹自由能减少值,系统克服重力以及外压做功的值,并根据能量守恒定律推导出了毛细上升平衡高度和球形曲面的拉普拉斯方程。该方法拓展了热力学在表面现象中的应用,并有利于学生理解毛细上升现象的能量来源。The equilibrium height of capillary rise and the energy conversion and conservation in capillary rise are discussed from the point of thermodynamics. A reversible process is designed, and thus the reduced value of Helmholtz free energy, the work done by the system against gravity and external pressure are calculated. The formulas of equilibrium height of capillary rise and Laplace equation of spherical surface are obtained. This method expands the application of thermodynamics in surface phenomena, and is helpful for students to understand the energy source of capillary rise.

关 键 词：毛细上升 热力学 可逆过程 杨-拉普拉斯方程 

分 类 号：O642-4[理学—物理化学] G642[理学—化学]