银杏林下套种白及和羊肚菌的栽培技术及效益分析  

Cultivation Techniques and Profit Analysis of Triplex intercropping of Ginkgo biloba,Bletilla striata and Morchella spp.

作　　者：苗人云[1,4] 刘天海 干雪梅[2] 包国芳 邓玲 罗建华 唐杰 黄忠乾[1,4] 彭卫红[1,4] 甘炳成 谭昊[1,4] MIAO Ren-yun;LIU Tian-hai;GAN Xue-mei;BAO Guo-fang;DENG Ling;LUO Jian-hua;Tang Jie;HUANG Zhong-qian;PENG Wei-hong;GAN Bing-cheng;TAN Hao(Mushroom Research Center,Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,China;Agroforestry Bureau of Pidu District,Chengdu City,Chengdu 611730,China;Jindi Fungi Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 610066,China;Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院食用菌研究中心四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066 [2]成都市郫都区农业和林业局,四川成都611730 [3]四川金地菌类有限责任公司,四川成都610066 [4]农业部西南区域农业微生物资源利用科学观测实验站,四川成都610066

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2020年第12期63-72,共10页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：2015年国家公益性行业专项(201503137);2020年四川省农业科学院拔尖人才项目(2020BJRC004);2016年四川省财政创新能力提升工程项目(2016GYSH-025)。

摘　　要：为充分利用银杏苗圃林下的生态空间,基于白及(Bletilla striata)和羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)各自的生态与生理需求,并借鉴投资组合理论中的风险分散策略,采用白及和羊肚菌作为林下经济作物合理地套种在银杏苗木的林下空间。介绍了银杏苗木、白及、羊肚菌各自的生理特征和栽培技术,详述了银杏苗木-白及-羊肚菌3层复合套种的栽培模式,包括株距要求和田间管理等细节。描述和分析了银杏苗木、白及、羊肚菌单独栽培、两两组合套种和三者复合套种的风险和收益,对系统性风险和非系统性风险进行了区分。结果表明,将投资小、回报周期长、风险低的银杏,投资成本、回报周期、风险水平均为中等的白及和投资大、回报周期短、风险高的羊肚菌科学地整合到同一套林下生态系统中进行栽培,不仅大幅提高了种植户的收入回报,还能有效降低非系统性风险、保障种植户的利益。In order to exploit the ecological niches in the nursery garden of ginkgo tree,Bletilla striata(Thunb.)Reichb.f.and Morchella spp.were selected as economic crops occupying the beneath-forest space,based on their respective ecological and physiological demands,and also borrow ideas from the economic principle of risk diversification.We instructed the physiological characteristics and cultivation techniques of ginkgo sapling,B.striata and Morchella spp.,described the triplex intercropping mode of planting B.striata and Morchella spp.beneath ginkgo saplings,including the details such as plant intervals and field managements.The risks and profits of mono-cropping,duplex intercropping and triplex intercropping,were described and analyzed respectively.Systematic and non-systematic risks were elucidated separately.The analysis showed that a combination of the long-term,low-investment,low-risk cultivation of ginkgo sapling,the moderate-term,moderate-investment,moderate-risk cultivation of B.striata,and the short-term,high-investment,high-risk cultivation of Morchella spp.,into a same beneath-forest ecosystem,can decrease non-systematic risks during the production and meanwhile increase incomes of farmers.

关 键 词：银杏 白及 羊肚菌 林下套种 风险分散 非系统性风险 

分 类 号：S646.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]