几种考古出土漆木器用防霉剂的筛选与评估  

Selection and Evaluation of Several Fungicides for Archaeological Unearthed Lacquerware

作　　者：何秋菊[1] 许璇 张雪鸽 李健[1] 赵国柱[2] He Qiuju;Xu Xuan;Zhang Xuege;Li Jian;Zhao Guozhu(Department of Conservation Technology and Ttraditional Skills,Key Laboratory of Beijing Cultural Relics and Museums Sci-tec Protection Research and Application,Capital Museum,Beijing,100045;College of Biological Sciences and Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing,100083)

机构地区：[1]首都博物馆保护科技与传统技艺研究部,“北京文博文物科技保护研究与运用”北京市重点实验室,北京100045 [2]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《博物院》2020年第6期121-130,共10页Museum

基　　金：“首都博物馆北京五里坨明代墓葬出土文物保护修复”项目的资助。

摘　　要：漆木器出土后需要进行保湿处理,但高湿环境容易滋生霉菌,威胁漆木器安全。本研究通过形态学观察及真菌ITS rDNA基因序列比对分析、鉴定了高湿环境下保存的北方地区出土半饱水漆木器的霉菌种属,通过出土木材样块、模拟漆糊以及PDA培养基上的防霉试验对比了Rocima342(二氯辛基异噻唑啉酮)、纳米银离子、新洁尔灭和达克宁4种防霉剂的抑菌效果,筛选出了防霉效果显著的防霉剂。实验结果表明,漆木器主要霉菌种属为木霉,还有少量青霉、弯孢霉、白腐菌。0.5%二氯辛基异噻唑啉酮的杀灭、抑制霉菌繁殖效果显著,在潮湿环境下不易流失,对漆膜颜色影响小,有效期可达30天以上,根据漆木器保护现场观测抑菌有效期可达两个月以上。达克宁防霉效果次之,但达克宁抗流失效果较差。Lacquerware needed to be preserved in a high humidity environment after it was unearthed.But it was prone to get mildew,threatening the safety of lacquerware.In this study,morphological observation and ITS rDNA gene sequence analysis were used to identify the fungal species of semi-saturated lacquerware unearthed in northern areas.The antifungal effects of four antifungal agents,which including Rocima342(dichlorooctyl isothiazolinone),nano silver ions,benzalkonium bromide and daktarin,were compared on the unearthed wood samples,simulated paint paste and PDA medium.The test results showed that the main fungi species was trichoderma,there were a small amount of penicillium,curvularia,and white rot fungi.The performance of 0.5%dichlorooctyl isothiazolinone on killing and inhibiting the propagation of mold was remarkable,it was not easy to lost efficacy in humid environment,and it had little influence on the color of the painting,and the effective period could reach more than 30 days.According to the on-site observation of lacquerware conservation,the antibacterial validity period could reach more than two months.Besides the daktarin was the second one,but the anti-loss effect was poor.

关 键 词：出土漆木器 高湿环境 霉菌 防霉 二氯辛基异噻唑啉酮 达克宁 

分 类 号：TQ421[化学工程] K876[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]