西南特有濒危植物大王杜鹃种群结构及动态特征  

Population Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of an Endangered and Endemic Species Rhododendron rex subsp.rex in Southwest,China

作　　者：杨慧琴 刘圆缓 刘芳黎[1] 胡春相 赵昌佑 龙波[1,2,4] 申仕康 YANG Huiqin;LIU Yuanhuan;LIU Fangli;HU Chunxiang;ZHAO Changyou;LONG Bo;SHEN Shikang(School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;2School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;3Jiaozi Mountain National Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650000, China;4Jiaozi Mountain Field Observation Station of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650000, China;5Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Kunming 650000, China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学生命科学学院,昆明650091 [2]云南大学生态与环境学院,昆明650091 [3]云南轿子山国家级自然保护区管护局,昆明650000 [4]云南轿子山野外观测站,昆明650000 [5]云南省植物繁殖适应与进化生态学重点实验室,昆明650091

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2020年第12期2148-2156,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560224,31870529);国家重点研发计划子课题(2017YFC0505204);国家科技基础调查专项(2017FY100100);云南省中青年学术与技术带头人后备人才项目(2018HB0035);云南大学青年英才培育项目。

摘　　要：为了揭示高山杜鹃种群生存潜力和濒危原因,以西南特有濒危植物大王杜鹃(Rhododendron rex subsp.rex)为研究对象,通过对云南省轿子雪山和小百草岭2个大王杜鹃自然种群的野外植株胸径及数量的调查,采用空间代替时间的方法建立大王杜鹃种群的径级结构、静态生命表并绘制种群存活曲线,阐明其种群的结构特征,利用种群数量动态预测和时间序列预测来分析种群未来的发展趋势。结果表明:(1)云南轿子雪山和小百草岭两个样地大王杜鹃均表现出第Ⅰ~Ⅱ龄级个体不足的现象,尽管两个样地内大王杜鹃种群仍表现为稳定型种群,但其均对外界干扰具有很高的敏感性。(2)大王杜鹃存活曲线在云南轿子雪山和小百草岭2个样地都趋于Deevey-Ⅱ型,个体平均生存能力的期望值均在幼年(Ⅰ和Ⅱ龄级)个体中最大,死亡率和消失率曲线的变化趋势基本一致。(3)时间序列预测分析表明,云南轿子雪山大王杜鹃种群在未来2、4、6年龄级后总体均呈下降趋势,种群面临衰退危险;小百草岭样地内,大王杜鹃种群总体上呈增长趋势,种群具有一定的恢复潜力。建议加强大王杜鹃自然种群生境的保护与管理从而维持其种群自然更新与发展的能力。In order to reveal the survival potential and endangered mechanism of alpine Rhododendron species,we conducted the studies of population structure and dynamics on two natural populations of Rhododendron rex subsp.rex,which is a rare and endangered plant that endemic to southwest of China,based on field survey.The age structure and static life tables of R.rex subsp.rex were established,and the survival,mortality and vanish curves were plotted to character the species'population structure.Meanwhile,the population dynamics were predicted by the results of a time sequence model and the quantitative dynamic index.The results indicated that:(1)the lack of the age classⅠ~Ⅱwas occurred in both Jiaozi snow Mountain(JM)and Xiaobaicaoling Mountain(XM)populations.Although the populations showed a stable type,both populations of R.rex subsp.rex were sensitive to external disturbance.(2)The population survival curves of JM and XM populations were trended to the Deevey-Ⅱtype.The life expectancy of R.rex subsp.rex was the highest in size classⅠandⅡ.The change trend of mortality curve is consistent with the vanish curve in each population.However,this change was different between the two natural populations of R.rex subsp.rex.(3)Time-sequences prediction analysis showed a decreasing trend in the number of individuals in JM population after 2,4 and 6 years of age class in the future.However,the XM populations showed an increasing trend after 2,4 and 6 years.Therefore,we suggest that the protection and management of wild habitat of R.rex subsp.rex populations should be strengthen to maintain its natural regeneration.

关 键 词：大王杜鹃 种群结构 动态 存活曲线 保护策略 

分 类 号：Q948.154[生物学—植物学]