基于2b-RAD简化基因组测序的甜瓜遗传多样性分析  

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Melon Based on 2b-RAD Simplified Genome Sequencing

作　　者：曹燕燕 刁倩楠 陈幼源[1] 张永平[1] CAO Yanyan;DIAO Qiannan;CHEN Youyuan;ZHANG Yongping(Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201403, China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院园艺研究所,上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海201403

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2021年第1期96-106,共11页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：上海市瓜果产业技术体系(沪农科产字[2020]第1号);上海市农业科学院卓越团队[农科创2017(B-06)]。

摘　　要：该研究利用2b-RAD(type IIB endonucleases restriction-site associated DNA)测序对28份厚皮甜瓜亲本材料的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点进行基因分型,分析其遗传多样性与亲缘关系,为甜瓜分子标记辅助育种提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)28份甜瓜种质SNPs数量有10318个,其发生转换与发生颠换的比值为2.15,两两种质间的遗传分化系数和遗传距离的平均值分别为0.88和2.22,说明这28份种质之间存在高度的遗传分化。(2)依据甜瓜的果皮颜色、果面网纹和果肉颜色3种性状,分别将以上28份种质分为4个群体(白皮群体、黄皮群体、青皮群体和绿皮群体)、3个群体(光皮群体、稀网群体和密网群体)以及3个群体(白肉群体、桔肉群体和绿肉群体)。(3)表型性状遗传分析结果显示,依据果皮颜色分类的各群体之间的遗传分化程度最高,其遗传分化系数在0.05~0.19之间,即均存在中度及以上程度的分化;光皮群体与密网群体之间存在中度遗传分化,但光皮群体与稀网群体之间以及稀网群体与密网群体之间均无显著分化;白肉群体与桔肉群体之间存在中度遗传分化,但白肉群体与绿肉群体之间以及桔肉群体与绿肉群体之间无明显分化。(4)分子系统进化树分析将28份甜瓜种质划分为三类,其中,第一类包含11份种质(主要为自主选育的纯合种质),第二类包含9份种质(大部分为从新疆引进或从新疆品种中选育出来的纯合种质),第三类包含8份种质(大部分为从日本引进或从日本品种中选育出来的纯合种质)。研究表明,依据甜瓜分子水平的聚类结果与地理来源具有一定关系,但其与育种者依据甜瓜的果皮颜色、果面网纹和果肉颜色对育种材料的分类结果不完全一致。We studied the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 28 melon parent materials using 2b-RAD genotyping by sequencing,to provide a scientific basis for molecular marker assisted breeding of melon.The results showed that:(1)there were 10318 SNPs in 28 melon germplasms,the ratio of transitions to transversions in SNPs was 2.15,and the mean value of the genetic variation and genetic distance between different germplasms were 0.88 and 2.22,respectively,implying the high degree of genetic differentiation among these germplasms.(2)According to the characters of skin color,fruit reticulation and flesh color,the 28 melon germplasms were separately divided into 4 populations(containing white skin population,yellow skin population,cyan skin population,and green skin population),3 populations(containing smooth skin population,thin reticulation population,and dense reticulation population)and 3 populations(containing white flesh population,orange flesh population,and green flesh population).(3)The phenotypic analysis result showed that the degree of genetic differentiation among the populations classified by the skin color was the highest,and the value of the genetic variation was between 0.05 and 0.19,indicating a moderate or above level of genetic differentiation among the four populations;a moderate level of genetic differentiation was observed between smooth skin population and dense reticulation population,while there was no significant genetic differentiation between smooth skin population and thin reticulation population or between thin reticulation population and dense reticulation population;a moderate level of genetic differentiation was observed between white flesh population and orange flesh population,while there was no significant genetic differentiation between white flesh population and green flesh population or between orange flesh population and green flesh population.(4)These melon germplasms were divided into three subgroups by analysis of the phylogenetic tree.Specifically,the first subgroup had 1

关 键 词：甜瓜 遗传多样性 2b-RAD 单核苷酸多态性 

分 类 号：Q347[生物学—遗传学] Q789[生物学—分子生物学]