稳定性肥料在中国不同区域的施用效果及施用量  

Effect of stabilized fertilizer in different regions of China and the suitable application rate

作　　者：张蕾[1,2,4] 王玲莉 房娜娜[1,2,4] 石晓雨[3] 武志杰 张丽莉[1,4] 石元亮[1,2,3,4] ZHANG Lei;WANG Ling-li;FANG Na-na;SHI Xiao-yu;WU Zhi-jie;ZHANG Li-li;SHI Yuan-liang(Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,National Engineering Lab of Soil Nutrient Management,Liaoning 110016,China;Shenyang Zhongke New Fertilizers Co.Ltd.,Liaoning 110016,China;Liaoning Zhongke Biological Engineering Co.Ltd,Benxi 117000,Liaoning,China;Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Engineering Lab of Green Fertilizers,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Liaoning 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所/土壤养分管理国家工程实验室,辽宁110016 [2]沈阳中科新型肥料有限公司,辽宁110016 [3]辽宁中科生物工程有限公司,辽宁本溪117000 [4]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所/中国科学院绿色肥料工程实验室,辽宁110016

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第2期215-230,共16页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目—专用型稳定性复混肥料研制与推广示范(2017YFD0200708-2)。

摘　　要：【目的】对单个区域或者单种作物开展的抑制剂或者稳定性肥料效果研究受土壤类型和气候区域限制,无法为稳定性肥料在不同地理区域的生产和施用提供科学的数据支持。为此,我们在全国范围进行了稳定性肥料施用效果试验,为稳定性肥料的科学施用提供依据。【方法】稳定性肥料产业技术战略联盟于2009—2018年在全国7大地理区域进行了大田试验,比较了等养分条件下,施用稳定性肥料和常规施肥的增产效果,统计分析了2014—2018年的研究结果。【结果】在华南、西南、华中、华东、华北、西北、东北地区,等常规施肥养分稳定性肥料(SF)相对常规施肥(CK)的作物平均增产率分别为5.00%、13.40%、6.96%、8.68%、16.30%、8.72%和5.80%,氮肥农学利用率(NAE)增幅分别为36.11%、29.84%、27.25%、51.02%、54.73%和21.00%(无华北NAE数据);80%常规施肥养分稳定性肥料(80%SF)处理相比CK的增产率分别为1.62%、10.38%、1.78%、6.34%、8.35%、1.44%和0.09%,NAE增幅分别为78.24%、81.41%、49.22%、20.10%、38.96%和62.10%;80%SF处理相对SF处理的作物产量平均减少3.92%、1.22%、1.25%、3.49%、0.07%、1.08%和0.05%,NAE增幅分别为30.95%、40.11%、17.27%、-20.48%、-10.19%和33.97%,与SF处理的作物产量相比,减施20%常规施肥养分稳定性肥料在各个区域均带来小幅减产,80%SF处理相对SF处理的减产幅度在华中、华北、西北和东北地区差异显著(P<0.05),在华南、西南和华东地区差异不显著,80%SF处理相对SF处理的NAE差异多不显著;从全国范围来看,等常规施肥养分稳定性肥料处理平均能提高作物产量8.54%和提高NAE 21.77%,80%常规施肥养分稳定性肥料处理能使产量和NAE分别提高3.13%和26.39%。主成分分析结果发现,稳定性肥料增产率主要受到两种有效公因子的影响,即养分因子和pH因子;稳定性肥料增产率与土壤养分主要呈负相关关系,土壤养分越低,稳定性�【Objectives】Experimental results of stabilized fertilizers from one region or one type of crop represent limited soil and climate conditions,hardly provide precise support for the extension of different geological regions.So continuous field experiments in large area were conducted in the seven typical regions of China for the scientific application of stabilized fertilizer.【Methods】Field experiments were carried out throughout China by Strategic Alliance of Stabilized Fertilizer Industry and Technology from 2009 to 2018.All the stabilized fertilizer treatments(SF)were applied in the same amount of N with the local controls,and the P and K input amounts were made equal by chemical fertilizers as well,and 80% of SF treatments(80%SF)were applied in 80%of the N,P,K amount with the SF.The experimental results in 2014-2018 were summarized.【Results】Compared with the local fertilization controls,the SF treatments increased the average yield by 5.00%,13.40%,6.96%,8.68%,16.30%,8.72% and 5.80% in South China,Southwest China,East China,Central China,North China,Northwest China and Northeast China,respectively,and increased the nitrogen agronomic efficiencies(NAE)by 36.11%,29.84%,27.25%,51.02%,(no data for North China),54.73% and 21.00%,respectively;the 80%SF treatments increased the average yield by 1.62%,10.38%,1.78%,6.34%,8.35%,1.44% and 0.09%,respectively,and enhanced the NAE by 78.24%,81.41%,49.22%,20.10%,38.96% and 62.10%,respectively.The average yield increase rate of 80%SF were 3.92%,1.22%,1.25%,3.49%,0.07%,1.08% and 0.05% lower than those of SF,the NAE growth rate of 80%SF were 30.95%,40.11%,17.27%,-20.48%,-10.19% and 33.97% higher than those of SF.The national average growth rate of yield and NAE were 8.54% and 21.77% higher under SF,and 3.13% and 26.39% higher under 80%SF.According to the principal component analysis,soil nutrient content and pH were founded as the two main factors affecting the effect of stabilized fertilizers.The yield growth rate of stabilized fertilizer was negatively correlated wi

关 键 词：稳定性肥料 硝化抑制剂 脲酶抑制剂 增产率 氮肥农学利用率 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]