长期不同施肥模式下碱性土有效磷对磷盈亏的响应  

Response of alkaline soil Olsen-P to phosphorous budget under different long-term fertilization treatments

作　　者：张微微 周怀平[2] 黄绍敏[3] 杨军[4] 刘树堂[5] 马俊永[6] 张淑香[1] ZHANG Wei-wei;ZHOU Huai-ping;HUANG Shao-min;YANG Jun;LIU Shu-tang;MA Jun-yong;ZHANG Shu-xiang(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,CAAS,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030031,China;Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resources and Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Tianjin Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Tianjin 300192,China;College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109,China;Institute of Dry Farming,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Hengshui,Hebei 053000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,山西太原030031 [3]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [4]天津市农业资源与环境研究所,天津300192 [5]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东266109 [6]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2021年第2期263-274,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41977103);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503120)。

摘　　要：【目的】磷素易于在土壤中固定,碱性土壤更甚,影响着磷肥的肥效和利用效率。研究长期施用磷肥对我国北方碱性土有效磷与磷盈亏的影响,为碱性土地区合理施用磷肥提供理论依据。【方法】本研究是基于河北、北京、山东、天津、河南和山西的6个冬小麦‒夏玉米轮作长期定位施肥试验,试验周期为1991—2011年。所有定位施肥试验均设有不施磷肥(P0)、单施化学磷肥(P)、化肥配施秸秆(P+S)、单施有机肥(M)、化肥配施有机肥(P+M)5个处理,施磷方式和施磷量不同。分析了土壤有效磷、作物产量、有机质、pH随时间的变化特征,计算了土壤有效磷含量与作物产量、土壤磷盈亏、磷肥利用率的关系,用冗余分析得出每100 kg/hm^(2)磷盈余下土壤有效磷变量(有效磷效率)的主要影响因素。【结果】P 0处理土壤磷亏缺为‒357.73~‒28.21 kg/hm^(2),有效磷含量随种植时间延长下降,下降速率为0.14 mg/(kg·year),此处理下作物产量较低,小麦低于2000 kg/hm^(2),玉米低于4000 kg/hm^(2)。4个施磷肥处理(P,P+S,M,P+M)土壤磷表现为盈余,21年连续施肥磷总盈余为23.65~860.93 kg/hm^(2),磷盈余量顺序为P+M>P>P+S>M。土壤有效磷含量随种植时间延长上升,年平均上升速率为P+M[4.85 mg/(kg·year)]>M[1.87 mg/(kg·year)]>P+S[0.65 mg/(kg·year)]>P[0.63 mg/(kg·year)]。施用磷肥的小麦产量为3399~7880 kg/hm^(2),4个施磷肥处理间差异不明显;玉米产量为4186~9176 kg/hm^(2),以P+M处理玉米产量最高,P处理最低。土壤有效磷含量与作物产量的关系可以用Mitscherlich方程模拟(P<0.01),小麦和玉米产量随土壤有效磷含量升高而增加,在土壤有效磷含量分别达到22.47和20.68 mg/kg后不再增加。小麦P+S处理的磷肥利用率最高,21年均值为16.17%;玉米以M处理的磷肥利用率最高,21年均值为16.45%。小麦和玉米磷肥利用率均随土壤有效磷含量的升高而上升,以P+S处理上升最�【Objectives】Phosphorous is easily immobilized in soil,especially in alkaline soil,which is one of the main reasons for the low phosphorous efficiency in crop production.This paper studied the response of soil Olsen-P contents and the P budget under different long-term P fertilization treatments in the alkaline soils of Northern China.【Methods】The data used in this research were from the long-term experiments located in Hebei,Beijing,Shandong,Tianjin,Henan and Shanxi.All the six experiments were conducted from 1991 to 2011 under winter wheat-summer maize rotation,and in soils of pH>7.The selected treatments included no P input control(P0),chemical P fertilizer(P),chemical P and straw(P+S),pure manure(M),chemical P and manure(P+M).The crop yield was recorded,and soil Olsen-P and organic matter(SOM)contents were determined.The soil P budget was calculated,the relationships of soil Olsen-P with crop yield and soil P budget,and the P use efficiency(PUE)were calculated.The main factors influencing soil Olsen-P efficiency were discussed.【Results】Without P input(P0),the annual soil P was in deficit of −357.73--28.21 kg/hm^(2),and the soil Olsen-P content kept decreasing with experimental years in rate of 0.14 mg/(kg·year);the crop yields were low,with wheat yield lower than 2000 kg/hm^(2) and maize yield lower than 4000 kg/hm^(2).Under the four P fertilization treatments,the soil P were in a surplus of 23.65-860.93 kg/hm^(2),with the surplus amount in order of P+M>P>P+S>M.The soil Olsen-P content increased with experimental years and the annual increase range was in order of P+M[4.85 mg/(kg·year)]>M[1.87 mg/(kg·year)]>P+S[0.65 mg/(kg·year)]>P[0.63 mg/(kg·year)].The wheat yield was in a range of 3399-7880 kg/hm^(2),and there was no obvious difference among the four treatments.The maize yield was in a range of 4186-9176 kg/hm^(2),which was highest under P+M and lowest under P.The wheat and maize yields kept increasing until the soil Olsen-P reached 22.47 mg/kg for wheat and 20.68 mg/kg for maize.The P us

关 键 词：碱性土 作物产量 磷肥利用率 有效磷效率 有机质 磷盈亏 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]