有机肥与化肥配施对青贮玉米产量及不同层位叶片光合特性的影响  

Effect of Manures Combined with Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics of Silage Maize

作　　者：王海燕[1] 崔超[1] 王靖[1] 王海伟[1] 邸娜[1] 郑喜清[1] 杨旸 李亚珍[1] WANG Haiyan(Hetao College,Bayannaoer 015000,China)

机构地区：[1]河套学院,内蒙古巴彦淖尔015000

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2021年第4期26-29,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河套学院引进人才科研启动项目(HYRC2017002);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究重点项目(NJZZ16333);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划(NJYT-15-B23)。

摘　　要：以青贮玉米宁玉218(NY218)与晋单42(JD42)为试验材料,设置有机肥与化肥配施A(TF)、有机肥与化肥配施B(FF)、高产施氮(HY)、农民习惯施氮(FP)与对照(CK)共5个处理,测定了青贮玉米生物产量、籽粒产量及其构成、花粒期不同层位叶片光合特性变化规律。结果表明:FF较FP与HY能显著提高青贮玉米籽粒产量和生物产量,NY218与JD42的籽粒产量和生物产量分别为17298.31kg/hm^(2)和17624.89kg/hm^(2),21314.77kg/hm^(2)和21682.69kg/hm^(2);FF籽粒产量与生物产量较HY分别增产5.34%和6.27%,9.16%和8.94%;FF处理对青贮玉米籽粒产量的提升主要通过提高穗粒数和千粒重来实现的;FF可有效保持花粒期叶片光合能力,延缓不同层位叶片SPAD值与净光合速率的下降速率,其中以上部叶片效果更为明显,有效延长了青贮玉米叶片光合功能期,促进了群体干物质的积累,增加群体生物产量和籽粒产量。Silage maize cultivars Ningyu218 and Jindan42 were used in these experiments.There were 5 treatments:FF(organic manure replacing 50%chemical N)、TF(organic manure replacing 30%chemical N)、HY(high yield)、FP(farmers’practice)and CK(non-N fertilization).In this research,the changes of yield and yield compositions,leaf photosynthetic characteristics anthesis stages of silage maize were studied.The results showed that,compared with FP and HY,FF could significantly increase grain yield and biomass of silage maize,NY218 and JD42 were 17298.31kg/hm^(2) and 17624.89kg/hm^(2),21314.77kg/hm^(2) and 21682.69kg/hm^(2),respectively.Compared with HY,FF increased grain yield and biomass of silage maize were 5.34%and 6.27%,9.16%and 8.94%,respectively.The grain yield components,FF increased grain number per ear and 1000-Kernel weight.FF could effectively increase the photosynthetic capacity of leaves at anthesis stages,delay the decline rate of SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of leaves,prolong the period of photosynthetic function of leaves,and increased grain number per ear and 1000-Kernel weight,increasing population biomass and grain yield.

关 键 词：青贮玉米 有机肥 化肥 产量 光合特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S147.34[农业科学—肥料学]