2019年湖北省中小学校生活与教学环境卫生现状分析  

Hygiene of the living and teaching environment in the primary and secondary schools in Hubei Province in 2019

作　　者：刘爽[1] 彭飞[1] 向晶晶 王旌涛[1] 程茅伟[1] LIU Shuang;PENG Fei;XIANG Jing-jing;WANG Jing-tao;CHEN Mao-wei(Institute of Health Surveillance,Analysis and Protection,Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan,Hubei 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省疾病预防控制中心卫生监测检验防护所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2021年第4期619-622,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：健康湖北专项课题项目(JKHB-20-23)。

摘　　要：目的分析湖北省中小学校生活与教学环境卫生现状,为政府部门制定干预策略提供支持。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取湖北省30个区县175所中小学校的1032间教室,统计描述生活与教学环境卫生指标的合格率,使用χ^(2)检验比较各组间差异。结果课桌椅分配合格率仅5.2%,教室人均面积合格率为21.3%,黑板反射比合格率为38.9%,课桌面平均照度合格率为30.7%,黑板面平均照度合格率为11.1%,黑板尺寸合格率为39.8%。高中教室的人均面积合格率(29.7%)和黑板反射比合格率(44.5%)最高(χ^(2)=26.826、6.360)。初中教室的黑板面平均照度合格率(14.4%)和课桌面平均照度合格率(36.2%)最高(χ^(2)=6.913、9.739)。小学教室的黑板尺寸合格率(98.0%)最高(χ^(2)=203.026)。城区学校黑板尺寸合格率(74.0%)高于郊县学校(63.4%)(χ^(2)=13.266),但城区学校教室的课桌椅分配符合率、黑板面平均照度、课桌面平均照度的合格率均低于郊区学校(χ^(2)=8.281、61.819、4.316),P均<0.05。结论湖北省中小学校教学环境卫生总体水平较低,应加强教育、卫生等多部门合作,改善校园生活与教学环境,推进健康校园建设。Objective To analyze the current status of the living and teaching environment hygiene in the primary and secondary schools in Hubei, and to provide reference for interventional strategies formulation. Methods A total of 1 032 classrooms in 175 schools from 30 districts and counties in Hubei Province were selected through cluster stratified sampling.The passing rate of living and teaching environmental hygiene indicators were calculated, and differences between groups were compared using chi-square tests. Results The passing rate of student desk and chair match was 5.2%, the passing rate of per capita classroom area was 21.3%, the passing rate of blackboard reflectance was 38.9%, the passing rate of desktop average illumination was 30.7%, the passing rate of blackboard average illumination was 11.1%, and the passing rate of blackboard size was 39.8%. High schools had the highest passing rates of per capita classroom area(29.7%) and blackboard reflectance(44.5%)(χ2=26.826;6.360), middle schools had the highest passing rates of blackboard average illumination(14.4%)and desktop average illumination(36.2%)(χ2=6.913;9.739). and primary schools had the highest passing rates of blackboard size(98.0%)(χ2=203.026). The passing rates of urban schools’ blackboard size(74.0%) were higher than that of rural schools(63.4%)(χ2=13.266), but urban schools had lower passing rates of desk and chair match, blackboard average illumination,and desktop average illumination than rural schools(χ2=8.281;61.819;4.316;P <0.05). Conclusion The overall level of environmental hygiene is low, and multi-sectoral cooperation including education and health should be strengthened to improve the campus living and teaching environment and promote the construction of healthy campus.

关 键 词：中小学校 环境和公共卫生 现场监测 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]